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English英语译成Chinese汉语: Investment Outlook for Q4 2008 General field: 商务/金融 Detailed field: 金融（普通）
原文文本 - English英语 Investment Outlook for Q4 2008
Overall pessimism and weakening global growth in Q4 will lead the market back to its basics. In this edition, we take a look at why more transparent and value-based investment strategies will take the place of exotic instruments, and what 2009 will bring for investors.
Bond Report
Bonds rallied yesterday with 10y-Treasuries plunging to their lowest levels in years. At the same time, the TED spread reached another new high of 356 basis points, while the VIX shot up to levels last seen shortly after Lehman filed for bankruptcy protection. We expect the market to remain extremely risk-averse and the flight to quality to continue.
Top 45
Our Top 45 list consists of making specific stock recommendations for investors in the Global Equity Markets. Our top 15 picks consists of a European top 15, US top 15 and an Asian top 15. In Q2 2008, the Asian Top 15 stocks showed the best performance, whilst the European stocks were the weakest performers. However, this was more than compensated by a very strong absolute and relative performance for the Asian top-picks.
UK: Rate Cuts
As widely expected, the BoE cut its repo rate another 50bps today, taking it to a record low 1.50%. In its rather terse statement, the bank noted that output is likely to keep falling sharply in the first half of this year, but also cited a "substantial" decline in the GBP as helping to offset the impact of a slower global economy. There was no obvious commitment to cut again at the February 5 MPC meeting, which probably explains the small bounce in sterling this morning.
Technical Analysis
Gold's weekly chart is improving, and if Gold manages to break the downtrend (i.e. magenta line) things will begin to look very bright again over the next few months. The technical conditions are well positioned for a further move higher as indicated by the RSI and MACD, and if this rise materializes we can expect Gold to take on the highs made in 2008 perhaps far quicker than everyone expects. The important level to watch is the support at $850. This support has to hold in order to keep the positive outlook alive.
Corporate Analysis
Our estimated Fair value is based on a discounted cash flow model with a valuation midpoint of USD 2300 (previously 2156) and obtained by applying a volatility band of /-13%. Our analysis assumes a post-tax weighted average cost of capital of 6.3% and a perpetual growth rate of 3.1%. Per-share estimates for 2009-12 have been further adjusted based on a clouded US market outlook. Our fair value range includes a 30% discount to account for the company’s lack of liquidity and its decreased earnings visibility.
翻译文本 - English英语 Driver's cab of HOWO7 heavy duty truck series is the most successful embodiment of omni-directional technical exchange and cooperation between China National Heavy Duty Truck Group Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as SINOTRUK) and international magnate for heavy duty truck. There are driver’s cabs for different purposes, including: high-roof driver’s cab, mid-long driver’s cab, and short driver’s cab. Formative art is used to make elaborate design for every part, which makes them combine into a perfect integer organically. The formative style is luxurious and mighty. Inner space of driver’s cab reaches the domestic top on the premise that its external width is guaranteed to accord with national regulations. The whole structure is rational and compact, and the sealing performance of every connecting part is of the highest domestic level at present. Priming paint and finishing paint are produced by the newest paint-spraying lines researched and developed by SINOTRUK independently, which obtained unanimous approval from Volvo experts. Painting surface has already reached international level completely in degree of cleanness, brightness, corrosion resistance and firmness.
Security: Security of driver’s cab of HOWO7 heavy duty truck series reaches requirements of Sweden regulations that are the strictest in the world (prototype ever won title of the Safest Driver’s Cab of Europe). It is rated by experts in the industry as the heavy-duty-truck driver’s cab with the highest level of security in today’s China. This is an extreme assurance to security of drivers and passengers, which has really reflected SINOTRUK’s maintenance of interests of customers and care for drivers and passengers.
According to evaluation by experts in the industry, HOWO7 heavy duty truck series have reached the highest level at home and international level at present in its comfortableness and indexes for physical-tiredness resistance.
1. Driver’s cab of highway trucks adopts domestically original and world leading ' shock attenuation device with four-point full-floating air suspension’, which can achieve the best effect of shock attenuation under any road conditions. It is as steady and comfortable as a yacht "playing" on surface of water.
2. Steering wheel is improved and made from flexible plastic material for cars with better hand touch. It can be adjusted – 5゜ back and forth and 25mm up and down.
3. All trucks above 290 horsepower are equipped with air conditioner for heating and cooling, which can be operated through power-driving and control temperature automatically. The configuration reaches the level for top-grade cars.
4. Berth of HOWO heavy duty trucks is designed as per size of occidentals, with its width reaching 600mm. The aluminium alloy framework is of lighter weight and better rigidity with built-in netted structure of steel wire, which can alleviate tired state more effectively than matting of other domestic products.
5. The upper berth can be lifted to and stay at arbitrary angle.
6. The unique design for ventilating system of driver’s cab is a domestic originality: ① It is equipped with ventilating window, which can keep the air inside driver’s cab clean effectively under fully closed state of driver’s cab; ② Warm and cold air passways are led to doors of both sides, which can defrost and defog for glass of both sides rapidly; ③ It has a better state of air circulation, which can remove dust and peculiar smell effectively.
7. Luxurious big storage trunk is equipped inside driver’s cab, with the biggest space for storage at home. Its basic configuration includes vehicle-used refrigerator.
8. The original noise elimination system passed multi-round tests, and the effect of noise elimination has already reached the level of world top-grade heavy duty trucks. The system reduces noise obviously and thus makes drivers and passengers have a happier mood.
Humanization: Humanized design is oriented as per internationally accepted level at present:
1. Design of artificial intelligence is the most important form of representation to embody competitive strength of product technology and maintain interests of customers. HOWO heavy duty trucks possess domestically original technology of artificial intelligence, which has already been close to and reach the world level, with specific representation as follows:
① Control over temperatures of water and oil of engine, and control over engine oil consumption and degree of burning;
② Control over electric circuits of entire truck;
③ Control over load for admission and exhaust system;
④ Control over state of air pressure of entire truck;
⑤ Control over oil mass and oil passage system and etc.; in addition, all control nodes can be displayed with different symbols on the biggest liquid crystal display (instrumental panel) of domestic commercial vehicles at present;
⑥ Automatic fault-detection;
⑦ Automatic storage of important operating data.
2. The newest design for seat is particular at home. It embodies characteristics of SINOTRUK’s patented technology. The design not only conforms with beautiful visual effect of HOWO heavy duty trucks on appearance, but also fully adopts principles of human engineering:
① Electric heating devices are equipped in seat cushion and backrest;
② Gasbag is equipped at waist of high backrest, which can offer effective support to the waist;
③ Top part of high backrest can be regulated, which can alleviate fatigue of driver at shoulder and neck effectively.
3. Reflector is designed with reference to the most advanced vehicle type abroad; electric control operation and electric-powered defrosting can be installed as options. Big-vision rearview mirror, right road-surface mirror and front down-view mirror have a wider visual angle, which allows a driver to grasp the driving environment in an all-round way.
4. Unique door opening and closing machine, maximum door angular aperture of 90゜, handles on two side doors and two-step stainless steel slip-resistant footboard make door opening and getting-on or -off the truck safer, more convenient and more humanized.
5. Turnover footboard is equipped at middle part of bumper, which is convenient for wiping glass.
6. Reading lamps inside driver’s cab are disposed at multi-places, with luxurious design and better luminance, which offers great convenience for reading books and handling official business in truck.
HOWO7 heavy duty truck series feature high-tech contents and high comfortableness as well as humanized design, which leaves other domestic heavy duty trucks far behind. Its advantages include:
——Height of gravity center of chassis drops to a new low point, 6X4-type drops 40mm, and 4X2-type drops 30mm;
——Engineering tipper can be equipped with desert air cleaner as an option;
——Trailer valve equipped on tractor trucks has advanced “leading” function, which makes trailer brake advance to the main truck all the time, and thus guarantees brake safety of train;
——Truck-used storage battery and spare tyre shelf are fixed up in the right side in unison, which guarantees safety and facilitates maintenance;
——Tractors have been equipped spare tyre device additionally in unison;
——350-litre aluminium alloy heavy fuel tank reaches foreign auxiliary standard for heavy duty trucks completely;
——Top part of mud cover for rear axle tyres can be opened, which is unique at home at present. Strength brush is contained inside the mud cover, which can reduce noise and brush off such attached substances as mud and mortar effectively, and thus can protect security of tyres effectively;
——Mid-long driver’s cab is equipped with large-size streamlined dome with a length of 2 meters and width of 1.6 meters, which can reduce 0.8 drag coefficient effectively, and thus produces the best oil-economizing effect at home. Highway trucks, especially tractor trucks are equipped with rear-side streamlined dome, which reduces 0.4 drag coefficient obviously and thus creates new space for fuel economization for customers;
——High-roof and mid-long driver’s cabs are equipped with 600mm×400mm big rearview window, which offers sufficient indoor light to driver’s cab and thus improves safety coefficient of rearview for drivers.
HOWO7 heavy duty truck series have many kinds of drive pattern, including: 4×2, 6×2, 6×4, 6×6, 8×4 and 10×4. Steering wheel can be put in left or right side, which satisfies rules of the whole world. Various kinds of chassis with different wheelbase are suitable for refitting tractor trucks, tippers, trunk trucks, tank trucks and special-purpose entire trucks of various special kinds.
Rational management
Scientific design
Meticulous operation
Best effect
Contemporary world level, with independent brand, the most advanced level at home, latest standard for domestic heavy duty trucks, superstrong functions, sound security, comfortableness, international advanced technologies, rational, harmonious, first-class, reliable, nimble, economical, super value-added, the longest life-span, luxurious, mighty, resolute, smooth, magnificent, graceful, humanization, world-class level of heavy duty trucks.
Tide exists wherever it exists
Trend moves whenever it moves
Safe: strict standard for safety guarantees thorough protection to drivers and passengers.
Main body of driver’s cab of HOWO7 heavy duty truck series adopts integral structure of steel frame, which makes its security meet requirements of Swedish regulations, the strictest ones in the world, and thus protects security of drivers and passengers in an all-round way. It really embodies the enterprise management philosophy of SINOTRUK for personnel orientation and untiring pursuit of maximization of user’s interests.
High-efficient: powerful drive configuration and superstrong work capabilities enable you to win best profits.
The improved special-purpose engine of Weichai brand for HOWO heavy duty trucks adopts patented technology of SINOTRUK. It not only has stronger motive force, lower fuel consumption and more rational power grading, but also fully meets requirements of national standard GB7258 to specific power of automobiles and trains, as well as properly meets requirements of national standard GB1589 to grading limits of automobiles and trains with various number of axles. It creates a best operational environment for users. It also passed road tests of high standard and ultra intensity, which guarantees entire reliability of HOWO heavy duty trucks and offers reliable assurance for users to win profits at most.
Comfortable: Comfortable and humanized design has already integrated with European heavy duty trucks, which makes HOWO7 heavy duty truck series become a qualified mobile "home" and a honourable "office".
Mature: leading tides and trends
Based on over 40 years of mature production technology of heavy duty trucks and over 20 years of successful international cooperation in technology of heavy duty trucks, SINOTRUK makes research and cooperation together with international experts for heavy duty trucks in many fields for a long time. With application of key advanced technology of heavy duty trucks in the world, SINOTRUK developed HOWO heavy duty truck series with independent brands, which not only meets all compulsory requirements of the State, but also fully satisfies needs of users. It has reached level of world-class heavy duty trucks. It is safe, high-efficiently and comfortable, leading the trend everywhere and showing leader's manner.
Syncretizing top-grade European modeling, and inheriting technical performances of world first-class heavy duty trucks.
Streamlined appearance is designed with fully utilization of aerodynamics, which reduces windage and fuel consumption. It is equipped with the widest camber front windshield for heavy duty trucks at home. With a wide vision, it has reached the European standard. It adds domestically original horizontal stabilization device for driver’s cab. With individual character and arrogance combined together, it owns leader's spirits.
Entire driver’s cab (for highway trucks) adopts domestically original and world leading 'shock attenuation device with four-point full-floating air suspension’, which can achieve the best effect of shock attenuation under any road conditions.
Security of driver’s cab reaches requirements of Sweden regulations that are the strictest in the world.
It is equipped with mighty fender bracket with functions of prevention of front collision and front chisel-in, which takes the lead at home.
Reflector is designed with reference to the most advanced vehicle type abroad; electric control operation and electric-powered defrosting can be installed as options. With a wider visual angle, front-view mirror can see front wheels, which allows a driver to grasp the driving environment in an all-round way.
Combination of from/rear lamps——It is handsome in appearance with rational design and strong entirety, which is harmonious and unified with the appearance.
Unique door opening and closing machine, maximum door angular aperture of 90゜, handles on two side doors and two-step stainless steel slip-resistant footboard make door opening and getting-on or -off the truck safer, more convenient and more humanized.
Mature and reliable configuration of engine assembly offers powerful motive force. It shows leader’s manner of heavy duty trucks whenever it runs all over the country or passes through wilderness or cities.
Engine——The improved engine adopts patented technology of SINOTRUK. It not only fully meets requirements of National Standard GB7258 “Technical Qualifications for Safely Running Vehicles” to specific power of automobiles and trains, but also properly meets requirements of National Standard GB1589 “Limits of Dimensions, Axle load and Masses for Road Vehicles” to grading limits of automobiles and trains with various number of axles. The entire power grading has been adjusted as per 266ps, 290ps, 336ps, 371ps and 420ps, which upgrades the entire power system in an all-round way. Power grading is more rational; coverage is wider; motive force is more powerful; fuel consumption is more economical; and exhaust is more clean. It completely meets requirements of national E II regulations, and can reach E III standard after adjustment.
Transmission case——Using Fuller and ZF serial transmission, with mature technology and international advanced level. It has compact structure, big torque capacity and stable quality; meanwhile, it has a wide scope of speed ratio and strong starting, climbing and cross-country capability under heavy loading. It can make the engine be within the scope of economical rotary speed. Soft-cable operation reaches leading level at home. Operation is flexible, without losing grade or hitting hand while changing grade. Moreover, the handle is short and the operation is gentle and smooth. The vibrations of engine will not be passed to driver’s cab.
Clutch——Power-assistant clutch reaches international advanced level in its operating pattern and service life, which adapts to use under atrocious work environment.
HOWO bridge——One of the largest single-stage reduction bridge in the world, which is central single-stage reduction bridge, equipped with Meritor R180 main reducer. It owns following strong points: simple and reliable structure, big bearing torque, long life span, low noise, light mass, high-efficient, fuel economizing, convenience for use and maintenance, and etc. All performances have reached or exceeded international advanced level.
Truck frame——Using alloy steel of high strength; the width has been improved as per international universal standard, featuring wide in front and narrow in rear. Digital control punching produces extremely high precision for hole position. The height of gravity center of enter truck drops lower, offering better stability. It offers the best design conditions for refit of various kinds of special-purpose vehicles.
The third generation of intelligent electric control panel, with lower fault rate and better reliability, is a high intelligent master control system with top level at home at present. The interior decorations are elaborate in every possible way, showing humanized cares.
Top comfortable experience of body and mind, together with omni-directional humanized consideration.
Thorough outfit brings brand-new driving experience. Real elaboration is accomplished in every possible aspects.
Comfortable and humanized design has already integrated with European heavy duty trucks, which makes HOWO7 heavy duty truck series become a qualified mobile "home" and a honourable "office".
Steering wheel——improved and made from flexible plastic material for cars with better hand touch. It can be adjusted – 5゜ back and forth and 25mm up and down.
Instrument platform——Researched, developed and designed jointly with Johnson Controls, Inc. of USA; the surface decoration is made by Tanazawa Hakkosha Co., Ltd. of Japan; instruments are similar kinds selected by European heavy duty trucks.
Seat——Unique original design at home. Electric heating devices are equipped in seat cushion and backrest; gasbag is equipped at waist of high backrest; top part of high backrest can be regulated.
Electrically controlled air conditioner——All trucks above 290 horsepower are equipped with air conditioner for heating and cooling, which can be operated through power-driving and control temperature automatically. The configuration reaches the level for top-grade cars.
Driver’s cab has a wide space. Luxurious big storage trunk is equipped inside driver’s cab, with the biggest space for storage at home. Its basic configuration includes vehicle-used refrigerator.
1. Berth——Designed as per size of occidentals, with its width reaching 600mm. The aluminium alloy framework is of lighter weight and better rigidity with built-in netted structure of steel wire, which can alleviate tired state more effectively than matting of other domestic products. The upper layer of double berth can be lifted to and stay at arbitrary angle.
Noise elimination system passed multi-round tests, and the effect of noise elimination has already reached the level of world top-grade heavy duty trucks. The system reduces noise obviously and thus makes drivers and passengers have a happier mood.
Reading lamps inside driver’s cab are disposed at multi-places, with luxurious design and better luminance, which offers great convenience for reading books and handling official business in truck.
Leader of Heavy Duty Trucks
HOWO7 heavy duty truck series own numerous independent R&D technologies, all of which are original at home:
——Trailer valve equipped on tractor trucks has advanced “leading” function, which makes trailer brake advance to the main truck all the time, and thus guarantees brake safety of train;
——Engineering tipper can be equipped with desert air cleaner as an option;
——Truck-used storage battery and spare tyre shelf are fixed up in the right side in unison, which guarantees safety and facilitates maintenance;
——Tractor trucks have been equipped with spare tyre device additionally in unison;
——350-liter aluminium alloy heavy fuel tank that reaches technological level of Volvo completely;
——Top part of mud cover for rear axle tyres can be opened, which is unique and top-graded at home at present. Strength brush is contained inside the mud cover, which can reduce noise and brush off such attached substances as mud and mortar effectively during running, and thus can protect security of tyres effectively;
——Mid-long driver’s cab is equipped with large-size streamlined dome with a length of 2 meters and width of 1.6 meters, which can reduce 0.8 drag coefficient effectively, and thus produces the best oil-economizing effect at home.
Highway trucks, especially tractor trucks are equipped with rear-side streamlined dome, which reduces 0.4 drag coefficient obviously and thus creates new space for fuel economization for customers;
——High-roof and mid-long driver’s cabs are equipped with 600mm×400mm big rearview window, which offers sufficient indoor light to driver’s cab and thus improves safety coefficient of rearview for drivers significantly.
HOWO7 heavy duty truck series have many kinds of drive pattern, including: 4×2, 6×2, 6×4, 8×4 and 10×4, etc. Various kinds of chassis with different wheelbase are suitable for refitting tractor trucks, tippers, trunk trucks, tank trucks and special-purpose entire trucks of various special kinds.
SINOTRUK believes, with brand-new concept for product design presented and technical level achieved, HOWO7 heavy duty truck series are certain to lead Chinese technology for heavy duty trucks to enter a new historical era, which is a sincere and generous gift presented by SINOTRUK to repay the society and dedicate to universal users!
CHINA NATIONAL HEAVY DUTY TRUCK GROUP CO.，LTD
Address: 53 Wuyingshan Middle Road, Jinan, China
Tel: 0086- 531- 5582 114
Sales hotline: 0086- 531- 7565 718
Website: www.cnhtc.com.cn
Service hotline: 800-8606016
Service hotline: 800-8603066
CHINA NATIONAL HEAVY DUTY TRUCK GROUP CO., LTD reserves the right to modify and interpret the design, and all details are subject to commercial contracts and commodity vehicles. For specific vehicle types and specifications, please contact with SINOTRUK Sales Branch and its marketing outlets.
English英语译成Chinese汉语: Interview on Chinese laborers General field: 社会科学 Detailed field: 历史
原文文本 - English英语 00:00:03
Anchor: Ok, Professor Kunic, tell us something about John Bacon. Who is this person?
主持人：好，Kunic教授，跟我们说说约翰•培根（John Bacon）. 他是个什么样的人？
00:00:09
Kunic: Well, John Bacon was an English missionary, who first came to China in 1910. He worked in Guilin in Guangxi Province. And when he went back to England, in late 1915, he recovered from his medical condition and then decided to join the Chinese labor call to help the Chinese in France.
Kunic: 好的。约翰•培根（John Bacon）是一个英国传教士。1910年，他第一次来到中国。那时他在广西省的桂林工作。1915年末，当他返回到英格兰的时候，他从疾病中恢复过来，随后决定加入中国劳工队伍，去帮助那些身在法国的中国人。
00:00:28
Anchor: Ok, What’s his impression of Chinese laborers in France?
主持人：好的。他对在法国的中国劳工印象如何？
00:00:33
Er, well, John Bacon loved the Chinese people. He and his wife worked with them in Guilin. And they were planning to come back to China after the War. So, he felt they were his brothers. He wanted to help them in their hardship.
Kunic: 唔…约翰•培根（John Bacon）喜欢中国人。在桂林，他和他的妻子同他们一起工作。并且他们有意在战争结束后返回中国。他把他们当作他的亲兄弟，在他们患难的时候想帮助他们。
00:00:49
Anchor: Did he leave anything in writing about his experience with Chinese laborers?
主持人：他有没有留下什么记述他和中国劳工之间故事的手记？
00:00:55
Yeah, he did. He left a number of letters, which still survive and which are able to read, telling about the activities the Chinese workers in the labor camp and how he would create jigsaw puzzles for them. He told them Chinese characters. He played sports with them. So, he lived with them and enjoyed that great too.
Kunic: 是的，他有。他留下了许多信件。这些信件保留到现在，还能阅读。它们向我们讲述劳工营里的中国工人的活动，以及他如何给他们制作智力拼图玩具。他教他们中国字。他和他们一起运动。他和他们一块生活，并乐在其中。
00:01:19
Anchor: Any ideas about Chinese impression of him, especially from laborers’ perspective. ***
主持人：中国人对他的印象如何？尤其是从那些中国劳工的角度？
00:01:25
Er, no, we don’t have any letters or any reports about him from the Chinese. But we do know from the Chinese people in Guilin that he was much loved in Guilin. He was especially active among the young men, and the students. And they had a great affection for him.
Kunic: 唔，没有，我们没有任何来自中国方面的信件或是有关他的纪录。但我们的确从桂林人民那里了解到，他深受桂林人民的爱戴，他在年轻人和学生中间尤其活跃。他们非常喜欢他。
00:01:45
Anchor: Ok, great, thank you very much.
主持人：好的。十分感谢。
00:01:49
Anchor: David, are you ready?
主持人：戴维，你准备好了吗？
00:01:50
I’m ready all.
戴维：万事俱备。
00:01:52
Anchor: OK, Mr. Livenstein, so we know your father, Henry Livenstein, deeply get involved in the Chinese laborers recruitment, then he accompanied Chinese workers to France, so tell us the story of your father.
主持人：好的。Livenstein先生。我们了解到您的父亲，Henry Livenstein曾深入到中国劳工的招募工作。那时，他和那些中国劳工一起到达法国。因此，给我们讲讲您父亲的故事。
00:02:08
Well, my father was a Canadian doctor, a young man 28 years old. And he joined the Canadian Army in 1917. And after he finished his two or three months’ training, he and two other Canadian doctors were assigned. Their first assignment was to go to China to help to recruit Chinese laborers to work in the war in France. And the laborers were we probably all know that China was given an opportunity to send soldiers or laborers. And the allies, France and Britain wanna them to send workers. And the workers they needed because the people doing the work now were soldiers, and if the Chinese workers were there, the soldiers could go the front and fight. So he was assigned and he and two other doctors were across Canada by train and on ship, were seasick for a week or more, crossing the Pacific and landed in Shanghai and then up to Shandong here to Weihai, and he was here for two or three months, recruiting Chinese laborers. And it was a very very important part of his life because all through my childhood, he told stories of this time in China and he was very impressed by all things Chinese and of course, he brought back as was the customs many souvenirs many things from his time here. So he recruited, helped to recruit the Chinese, he was also and ever photogragher. He like taking photos, and he took many many photos. And these photos are apparently quite valuable today and in fact, they make up a very major part of our conference here Weihai. And so he took, he had thousands of men with him, he left Weihai to Pacific to 温哥华, island in Canada. When on the train, Canadian-Pacific railway across Canada to 海尔法斯特 and then on 海尔法斯特. They got on the ship the Olympic, which was sister ship of the Titanic which was sunk a few years previously. And he took to France. And in France, with them for only two or three weeks and another British took over. And he did other things until the end of the war as a doctor in the Canadian Army, but it was very interesting that in fact he was a Canadian, not a British doctor, that he was of course in those days, Canadian did pretty much the British wanted. And he never regretted his time in China, he said it was a wonderful experience and that the part of the story that I remember anyway.
好的。我的父亲是一位加拿大医生，一个28岁的年轻人。他1917年参军。在完成两到三个月的培训之后，他和另外两名加拿大医生接到了任务。他们的第一个任务是去中国，帮助招募去往法国战场工作的中国劳工。我们大概都知道，当时中国有机会派遣士兵或劳工。协约国集团，即法国和英国，希望中国派遣劳工。他们需要劳工是因为原来从事劳工工作的人现在都成了士兵，如果中国工人到了那儿，那么士兵们就能上前线打仗。所以他接到了命令，和另外两位医生一起坐火车穿过加拿大，然后坐船穿过太平洋。他们在海上晕船了一周左右，然后抵达上海，接着往北到达山东，最后抵达威海。他在那里待了两三个月，主要工作是招募中国劳工。那在他生命里是非常非常重要的一段经历，因为在我整个童年时光，他不停地给我讲述他在中国的故事，他对所有中国的事情印象深刻。当然，他也带回了许多特产啦、纪念品啦，许多那个年代的东西。他帮助招募中国劳工。他同时也是个摄影家。他喜欢拍照，他拍了很多照片。这些照片直到今天也是相当珍贵的。事实上，在我们这个在威海举行的会面中，它们也是重要的组成部分。他当时拍了有几千张照片。他离开威海，横穿太平洋，抵达温哥华，加拿大的一个岛。他坐火车行驶在横贯加拿大的加拿大--太平洋铁路上，最后达到海尔法斯特。在那里，他们又搭上了“奥林匹克号”轮船前往法国，这艘船是几年前沉没的“泰坦尼克号”的姊妹船。在法国，他和他们只待了两三个礼拜，然后由一位英国人接手过去了。作为加拿大的军医，他在部队里待到战争结束，其间，也做过别的一些事情。但有趣的是他实际上是个加拿大医生，不是英国医生。但在那个时候，加拿大人为英国人做了很多事。对于他在中国的日子，他从未感到遗憾，他说过那是一段相当精彩的岁月。这就是我所记得的了。
00:05:32
Anchor: Did your father tell you any impression of Chinese and he was accompanied thing across Canada to France?
主持人：您的父亲有没有告诉您他对中国人的印象，以及他和他们一道穿越加拿大前往法国的事？
00:05:40
Well, he was, he talked about a number of things. He talked they always mentioned how cheerful the Chinese were. They were always smiling they were always happy. He always remembered that. He said they were great gamblers, too. They always gamble and they want him to join in the gambling. And they did some sort of fingers, whatever that, with the finger thing. And of course he was impressed with the life here in Weihai. And the very thing specific, I don’t remember there’s something more specific.
戴维：是的。他讲过很多事情。他说他们经常谈论中国人十分乐观。他们总是笑，总是很开心。他一直都记得。他说他们还是了不起的赌徒。他们总是赌博，并邀请他加入他们的赌局。他们玩些手法，不知道是什么，就是用手指玩。当然，他对威海这里的生活印象深刻，一些很特别的事，我不记得还有什么更特别的事。
00:06:33
Anchor: so of course, as you mentioned earlier that many Chinese were recruited by British side went to France through Canada. So how Canadian Government treat these Chinese, because as you might know, the Canadian government did not allow the Chinese get off the train and treated them as a sort of prisoners for many different reasons one of course in British policy. Were both the British and Canadian Government deeply obsessed with the secrecy of these movements? Canadian government even set up so-called the chips-sanction to suppress any news or news items to mention these Chinese movements. So do you have any comment or ideas about?
主持人：诚如您一开始时说过的，很多中国人由英方招募，途经加拿大，前往法国。那么加拿大政府如何对待这些中国劳工呢？或许您知道，加拿大政府不允许这些中国劳工下船，把他们当成犯人对待。这原因有许多，其中有一点是英国的政策。英国政府和加拿大政府是不是都很热衷于隐瞒这场迁移？加拿大政府甚至通过了一项法令，来禁止任何有关中国劳工迁移的新闻或新闻标题。您对此有何评价或感想？
00:07:24
No, I have no ideas about that. In fact, that was not mentioned in my father’s very detailed journal of what happened on the way over. He did not talk about that at all. Of course he would know about that, he would be. He was on the train, he did the separate every day after looking after the people who are ill. He was very proud of the fact that not only one person was seriously ill are of his thousand he took across. And this was the man who died mysteriously in hell of facts. And he found what we could call a heart attack. But he was the only one who was ill and my father was quite delighted that the people get across under his care with no serious problems as far as health was concerned. But we never mentioned about the secret thing of the train loads of Chinese. That’s must be a number of they went across. I’m not surprised that the government was anxious to get these workers over there. And you know, they were assigned there. And you cannot I suppose let everybody get off the train at every stop and people wander off. I’ve just been with the group of 16 people traveling around China. I know 16, there were 3 always wander off, and you could never find them when you are ready to move on. So this was happened I think any …
戴维：没有。我对此完全不知情。实际上，在我父亲详尽的记述这一路发生的事情的日记里并没有提到这些。他丝毫没有提及此事。当然，他要是知道了，他肯定会说。他那时在船上，每天在查出生病的劳工后他都要把他们隔离起来。在他照顾的整个的几千名劳工中，只有一人病的很严重，对此，他深感自豪。这个人死因不明。他发现他得了我们今天所称的心脏病。但他是唯一一个生病的。我父亲很高兴这些迁移的劳工在他的照顾下没有发生严重的健康问题。但我们从没提到这些中国人在列车上发生的秘事。肯定有很多。我对政府焦急的要把他们运走的心态并不感到惊讶。你知道，他们是被派遣到那里的。你不可能让每一个人在每一停靠站都下车走动。我才和一组十六个人一同到中国。十六个人，其中就有三个人总是乱走动。你要走的时候根本就找不到他们。所以我认为这就是当时发生的……
00:09:09
Anchor: of course, the British did not want to attract the German’s attention, remember the submarine attacks. Also the Chinese government did not want anyone to notice it, either. So do you know how many Canadians even today realize the thousands and thousands of Chinese travel to France through Canada?
主持人：当然，英国人不想引起德国人的注意，还记得潜水艇袭击事件吧。中国政府也不想让任何人注意到这些。那么据您所知，如今有多少加拿大人知道曾有成千上万的中国劳工通过加拿大前往法国？
00:09:32
Not many. Not many and not many Chinese scholars know about that either. And not many military historians know about that. And I have been involved in military history a bit. As a little bit past, And not many of them know anything about that. In fact, nearly 200,000 went over to France. It was a great surprise to most people. So it’s a unique part of the history, one of the secret I think in the First World War.
戴维：没有很多，没有很多人知道。同样也没有很多中国学者知道。包括很多军事历史家也未必知道。我了解一些军事历史方面的事。由于过去有些时候了，所以没有多少人知道这些。事实上，有将近二十万的中国劳工去了法国。很多人都不敢相信。这是历史上的奇迹，我认为是一战的一个秘密。
00:10:08
Anchor: unfortunately, the Canadian government can not take great credit so far, because they do not. nobody even noticed it.
主持人：很不幸，加拿大政府至今也没能获得好名声，因为没人知道这些。
00:10:13
Well, that’s true. That’s true. And the Canadian government was I suppose they really have little to do with this. It was British government said they want them over here and who will pay for. I don’t know probably the British would pay for that.
戴维：是的，这是真的。我认为，加拿大政府实际上对此无能为力。事实上，是英国政府想要把这些中国劳工运送到那儿的，英国政府要为此偿还。我不知道英国人是不是会偿还。
00:10:33
Anchor: great. Any other comments ?
主持人：好。还有什么评价吗？
00:10:36
Well, nothing, except that about this conference, it’s a fascinating topic. And my son and I are delighted to be here. And of course, we’ve talked for the last two weeks to talk to a number of Chinese who I’ve no idea of what happened and also Americans we’ve talked to. I’ve no idea this momentous thing happened in 1917 and 1918.
戴维：没了。除了这个会面。这真是个有趣的话题。我和我的儿子都很高兴来到这儿。当然，在过去的两周里，我们和很多中国人，还有很多美国人交谈过，他们都不是很清楚。我不知道1917年到1918年间发生了这样重大的事情。
00:11:10
Anchor: Great thank you
主持人：好的。谢谢您！
00:11:11
All right. Fine.
戴维：不谢！
00:11:16
Anchor: ok you are ready?
主持人：好，您准备好了吗？
00:11:17
Yes. I’m ready.
Dontevan：是的，我准备好了。
00:11:18
Anchor: so, Mr Dontevan. I understand you are within many incredible connections with Chinese laborers in France and in Belgium during the First World War. So tell us one of the most important diaries you have connected, from this dairy to understand the importance of the Chinese workers.
主持人：Dontevan先生，我了解到您和很多在法国和比利时的一战时期的中国劳工有密切的联系。那么给我们讲讲您手上最重要的一部日记，一部可以从中了解中国劳工的重要性的日记。
00:11:40
Well, the most important dairy we have is from a Catholic priest, Ashuva Walleham. He wrote the dairy as he was a priest. He was interested in knowing to people and psychology etc. and so he wrote many many pages on the Chinese laborers. And it’s quite interesting because of the positive as well as some negative feelings of the locals towards the Chinese laborers expressed in it. For instance, he described how they dress the blue lean jackets with the hether weater they are wearing. But he also says according to the Belgium population. You could see no emotions on the face and he also says that there are very curious, which is a little bit odds, because from his dairy, he is as curious in them as they were in this case. And the Belgians, he also says they are very very hard workers. They were working he writes as hard if not more as local population as definitely harder than the British soldiers. So it’s very mixed but very balanced opinion, I think.
Dontevan：好的。我们所有的最重要的一本日记来自一位天主教牧师，他叫Ashuva Walleham。他在当牧师的时候写了这本日记。他对人和人的心理状况等十分感兴趣。他写了很多有关中国劳工的日记。这里面有关当地人对中国劳工的好的和不好的印象都十分的有趣。例如，他描绘了他们如何穿他们的蓝色夹克和羽毛汗衫。但他也写道，比利时人认为这些人面部时常没有什么表情。他们总是很好奇，这有点不公，因为从他的日记里，你可以看到他对他们就如他们对他一样好奇。他写道，他们是非常非常勤劳的人。他认为，即使比不上当地人，也至少可以肯定比那些英国士兵要勤劳。所以，我觉得这是一种很复杂但很平衡的观点。
00:13:06
Anchor: Tell us maybe one or two most interesting stories from this dairy about Chinese workers.
主持人：给我们讲一两个这本日记里关于中国劳工的最有意思的事情。
00:13:12
Yeah, one of the particularly interesting stories which proves that the dairy-writer is very accurate is that on Christmas day, 1917. He says he writes there was a quarrel between the Chinese laborers and New Zealand troops, and then he writes that he heard of shooting that some laborers for shot nearby. And that’s exactly true, because if you go to one of the British military summitries near my museum, you come across tree graves of Chinese laborers shot on Christmas day 1917. So he writes about the trouble between these two groups presents in front of us. He also states that for instance people in Ballpolrin which is a small town in Belgium are very keen on doing tricks with the Chinese laborers. And the Chinese are very harsh-treated by the English offices. And he writes that even they are not allowed to go into the shops, they did so anyhow and of course the locals allowed them to do so because they came as only tourists and even attract Chinese laborers and even that some shopkeepers learned some words of Chinese, which was peculiarly remarkable.
Dontevan：好的。其中一个能证明作者很准确的相当有趣的故事发生在1917年的圣诞节。他写道，中国劳工和新西兰军队之间发生了争吵。然后他听到了附近有中国劳工遭枪击的声音。这是真实的故事。如果你去我的博物馆附近的一个英国军事会议点，你就会看到1917年圣诞遭枪击的中国劳工的树木做的坟墓。他向我们描绘了发生在两群人之间的矛盾。他还说，比如比利时小镇Ballpolrin地方的人十分热衷于和中国劳工玩把戏。中国人遭到了英国官方的严厉对待。他写道，他们甚至不被允许进入商店。但他们还是进了，当然当地人允许他们进入，因为他们带来了生意，带来了更多的中国劳工，一些店主甚至学会了一些中国词，这真是相当了不起。
00:14:48
Anchor: any romantic relations between the Chinese laborers and the Belgian women?
主持人：中国劳工和比利时妇女之间有什么爱情故事发生吗？
00:14:53
Well, there’s a very big taboo on this. And actually is forbidden, but there’s no written statement. But in a village, near my museum, there are two people whose nickname was the Qing. And was because that was very obvious and very clear from how they looked. They were the son of the Belgian girl with the Chinese laborer. But there’s a huge taboo on sexual or romantic relationships between soldiers and laborers in the great war and local population. So there was very little told about it.
Dontevan：嗯，这是个很大的禁忌，事实上这是禁止的，但没有明确成文。但在一个小村庄，就在我的博物馆附近，有两个人，他们的外号叫“Qing”，因为从他们的外貌上可以很容易很清楚地看出，他们是一个比利时姑娘和中国劳工的孩子。然而，有明令禁止士兵和劳工以及当地人之间有身体上的或感情方面的关系。所以，这方面几乎没有什么可说的。
00:15:37
Anchor: by taboo, you mean the official policy to forbid these or these just socially abandon?
主持人：谈到禁忌，您的意思是指官方禁止此类事件的指令还是仅仅是指社会习俗上的禁止？
00:15:44
That’s both officially and socially standard. Belgian was then a very Catholic country. And it was just…, you did not speak about it. You did not speak about it.
Dontevan：都有。比利时那时是个很严格的天主教国家。那仅仅是…，你不能谈论这事。你完全不能谈论。
00:16:00
Anchor: as I took it a contrary to the French practices because there are lots of white spread stories romantic stories about Chinese and French women.
主持人：我拿它和法国做个比较，因为有很多有关中国人和法国妇女的浪漫爱情故事在流传。
00:16:07
Yeah, but the French moral standards were something different from that in Belgium.
Dontevan：对。但法国人的道德标准和比利时人的不太一样。
00:16:18
Anchor: so to what extend the Belgians understand the stories of existence of large number of Chinese workers in Belgium during First World War?
主持人：那么，比利时人对一战期间在比利时的大量中国工人的故事知道多少呢？
00:16:29
It was very well known but only very small part of them. The part the Chinese laborers are active near the frontline that has always been known. the reason for this is because Chinese laborers stayed until late 1919, early 1920. And so that even refugees who returns to their homestead have account for them. On the other hand, a lot of Belgians, remained Belgians, almost know none about the Chinese presence in the First World War. And it’s only in the last two years this has changed through exhibitions, books and the like.
Dontevan：嗯，广泛流传，只有很少的一部分为人所知。通常人们都知道中国劳工在前线很活跃的部分。原因是直到1919年底，1920年初还有中国劳工待在那儿。所以甚至是回家的难民也知道他们。另一方面，很多比利时人，存活下来的比利时人对一战中中国人的参与几乎一无所知。这种情况只在近两年通过展览、书籍等方式才有所改观。
00:17:10
Anchor: so you mentioned books that’s mean the scholars’ books or just the issue or just as articles.
主持人：您提到了书籍，这是指学者的书籍还是仅仅是有关这方面的文章？
00:17:18
It’s all very recent and last year, my museum organized an exhibition not only on the Chinese laborer calls but they were present and there was a book who was published in three languages who companies that. So that press the world. And most people in Belgium, we are a very small country, if you say about the numbers of Chinese presents. They are completely amazed. It was a part of history, just like it was in China. that was like partly erased from memory and it’s the task of historians. As in Belgium, to bring this back to the front to get it back into the collective memory.
Dontevan：最近，就是去年，我的博物馆组织了一次展览，不仅包含中国劳工征集，他们还亲临现场，并有一本译成三种语言的书来向世界展示。很多比利时人相当震惊，我们是个小国家，如果你说出席中国人的数目的话。这是历史的一部分，正如中国一样。这是从记忆中擦掉的一部分，是历史学家们的任务。在比利时，把它们带到公众面前，带回集体记忆中去。
00:18:00
Anchor: great. Since you are a scholar of this subject as well, so what’s your perception of Chinese contributions or Chinese experience with the First World War?
主持人：好的。既然您也是这一方面的学者，那么您对中国人对一战的贡献或者说中国参与一战有什么看法呢？
00:18:11
First of all, of my perspective is Belgian, can only speak of that. First of all, it’s, they were forgotten for many reasons. One of the reasons is that they are laborers not fighting troops. But they are vital, just like other labor troops. They are vital for the allies in the ends, or for all the efforts in general. Secondly, it’s very important for us, as Belgian historian, to make a good arise image of the Chinese laborers. Because rights after the war in1919 and 1920, they were like this capgoats forever they are from. I mean Belgium refugees came back had lost everything and they were back to their destroyed country. And the only people they saw there were Chinese laborers. so everything they blamed on was the Chinese laborers. while on the other hands, they clear the battlefields, they bury lots of deaths, and even they almost not know the Chinese contribution to the reconstruction of my town, and it’s very important we set to write balance to these people.
Dontevan：首先，由于我是个比利时人，我只能这么说。首先，由于很多原因，他们被遗忘了。其中一个原因是他们是劳工,而不是打仗的军队。但是他们很重要，就像其他的劳工队伍一样。他们对协约国最后的胜利，或广泛意义上说很关键，第二，对我们这些比利时历史学家来说，塑造一个中国劳工光辉的形象很重要，因为就在战争结束的1919年和1920年，他们在这里了。我是指比利时难民回来后发现失去了所有的东西，他们回到了他们被毁灭的国家。他们看到的唯一的人群就是这些中国劳工，所以他们把一切都归咎于中国劳工。但在另一方面，他们清扫了战场，埋葬了死者，有关中国人对我家乡的重建所作的贡献他们几乎一无所知。所以我们向这些人说明情况，保护公正非常重要。
00:19:32
Anchor: right. Thank you very much
主持人：好的。十分感谢您！
00:19:34
You are welcome
Dontevan：不客气。
翻译文本 - Chinese汉语 00:00:03
Anchor: Ok, Professor Kunic, tell us something about John Bacon. Who is this person?
主持人：好，Kunic教授，跟我们说说约翰•培根（John Bacon）. 他是个什么样的人？
00:00:09
Kunic: Well, John Bacon was an English missionary, who first came to China in 1910. He worked in Guilin in Guangxi Province. And when he went back to England, in late 1915, he recovered from his medical condition and then decided to join the Chinese labor call to help the Chinese in France.
Kunic: 好的。约翰•培根（John Bacon）是一个英国传教士。1910年，他第一次来到中国。那时他在广西省的桂林工作。1915年末，当他返回到英格兰的时候，他从疾病中恢复过来，随后决定加入中国劳工队伍，去帮助那些身在法国的中国人。
00:00:28
Anchor: Ok, What’s his impression of Chinese laborers in France?
主持人：好的。他对在法国的中国劳工印象如何？
00:00:33
Er, well, John Bacon loved the Chinese people. He and his wife worked with them in Guilin. And they were planning to come back to China after the War. So, he felt they were his brothers. He wanted to help them in their hardship.
Kunic: 唔…约翰•培根（John Bacon）喜欢中国人。在桂林，他和他的妻子同他们一起工作。并且他们有意在战争结束后返回中国。他把他们当作他的亲兄弟，在他们患难的时候想帮助他们。
00:00:49
Anchor: Did he leave anything in writing about his experience with Chinese laborers?
主持人：他有没有留下什么记述他和中国劳工之间故事的手记？
00:00:55
Yeah, he did. He left a number of letters, which still survive and which are able to read, telling about the activities the Chinese workers in the labor camp and how he would create jigsaw puzzles for them. He told them Chinese characters. He played sports with them. So, he lived with them and enjoyed that great too.
Kunic: 是的，他有。他留下了许多信件。这些信件保留到现在，还能阅读。它们向我们讲述劳工营里的中国工人的活动，以及他如何给他们制作智力拼图玩具。他教他们中国字。他和他们一起运动。他和他们一块生活，并乐在其中。
00:01:19
Anchor: Any ideas about Chinese impression of him, especially from laborers’ perspective. ***
主持人：中国人对他的印象如何？尤其是从那些中国劳工的角度？
00:01:25
Er, no, we don’t have any letters or any reports about him from the Chinese. But we do know from the Chinese people in Guilin that he was much loved in Guilin. He was especially active among the young men, and the students. And they had a great affection for him.
Kunic: 唔，没有，我们没有任何来自中国方面的信件或是有关他的纪录。但我们的确从桂林人民那里了解到，他深受桂林人民的爱戴，他在年轻人和学生中间尤其活跃。他们非常喜欢他。
00:01:45
Anchor: Ok, great, thank you very much.
主持人：好的。十分感谢。
00:01:49
Anchor: David, are you ready?
主持人：戴维，你准备好了吗？
00:01:50
I’m ready all.
戴维：万事俱备。
00:01:52
Anchor: OK, Mr. Livenstein, so we know your father, Henry Livenstein, deeply get involved in the Chinese laborers recruitment, then he accompanied Chinese workers to France, so tell us the story of your father.
主持人：好的。Livenstein先生。我们了解到您的父亲，Henry Livenstein曾深入到中国劳工的招募工作。那时，他和那些中国劳工一起到达法国。因此，给我们讲讲您父亲的故事。
00:02:08
Well, my father was a Canadian doctor, a young man 28 years old. And he joined the Canadian Army in 1917. And after he finished his two or three months’ training, he and two other Canadian doctors were assigned. Their first assignment was to go to China to help to recruit Chinese laborers to work in the war in France. And the laborers were we probably all know that China was given an opportunity to send soldiers or laborers. And the allies, France and Britain wanna them to send workers. And the workers they needed because the people doing the work now were soldiers, and if the Chinese workers were there, the soldiers could go the front and fight. So he was assigned and he and two other doctors were across Canada by train and on ship, were seasick for a week or more, crossing the Pacific and landed in Shanghai and then up to Shandong here to Weihai, and he was here for two or three months, recruiting Chinese laborers. And it was a very very important part of his life because all through my childhood, he told stories of this time in China and he was very impressed by all things Chinese and of course, he brought back as was the customs many souvenirs many things from his time here. So he recruited, helped to recruit the Chinese, he was also and ever photogragher. He like taking photos, and he took many many photos. And these photos are apparently quite valuable today and in fact, they make up a very major part of our conference here Weihai. And so he took, he had thousands of men with him, he left Weihai to Pacific to 温哥华, island in Canada. When on the train, Canadian-Pacific railway across Canada to 海尔法斯特 and then on 海尔法斯特. They got on the ship the Olympic, which was sister ship of the Titanic which was sunk a few years previously. And he took to France. And in France, with them for only two or three weeks and another British took over. And he did other things until the end of the war as a doctor in the Canadian Army, but it was very interesting that in fact he was a Canadian, not a British doctor, that he was of course in those days, Canadian did pretty much the British wanted. And he never regretted his time in China, he said it was a wonderful experience and that the part of the story that I remember anyway.
好的。我的父亲是一位加拿大医生，一个28岁的年轻人。他1917年参军。在完成两到三个月的培训之后，他和另外两名加拿大医生接到了任务。他们的第一个任务是去中国，帮助招募去往法国战场工作的中国劳工。我们大概都知道，当时中国有机会派遣士兵或劳工。协约国集团，即法国和英国，希望中国派遣劳工。他们需要劳工是因为原来从事劳工工作的人现在都成了士兵，如果中国工人到了那儿，那么士兵们就能上前线打仗。所以他接到了命令，和另外两位医生一起坐火车穿过加拿大，然后坐船穿过太平洋。他们在海上晕船了一周左右，然后抵达上海，接着往北到达山东，最后抵达威海。他在那里待了两三个月，主要工作是招募中国劳工。那在他生命里是非常非常重要的一段经历，因为在我整个童年时光，他不停地给我讲述他在中国的故事，他对所有中国的事情印象深刻。当然，他也带回了许多特产啦、纪念品啦，许多那个年代的东西。他帮助招募中国劳工。他同时也是个摄影家。他喜欢拍照，他拍了很多照片。这些照片直到今天也是相当珍贵的。事实上，在我们这个在威海举行的会面中，它们也是重要的组成部分。他当时拍了有几千张照片。他离开威海，横穿太平洋，抵达温哥华，加拿大的一个岛。他坐火车行驶在横贯加拿大的加拿大--太平洋铁路上，最后达到海尔法斯特。在那里，他们又搭上了“奥林匹克号”轮船前往法国，这艘船是几年前沉没的“泰坦尼克号”的姊妹船。在法国，他和他们只待了两三个礼拜，然后由一位英国人接手过去了。作为加拿大的军医，他在部队里待到战争结束，其间，也做过别的一些事情。但有趣的是他实际上是个加拿大医生，不是英国医生。但在那个时候，加拿大人为英国人做了很多事。对于他在中国的日子，他从未感到遗憾，他说过那是一段相当精彩的岁月。这就是我所记得的了。
00:05:32
Anchor: Did your father tell you any impression of Chinese and he was accompanied thing across Canada to France?
主持人：您的父亲有没有告诉您他对中国人的印象，以及他和他们一道穿越加拿大前往法国的事？
00:05:40
Well, he was, he talked about a number of things. He talked they always mentioned how cheerful the Chinese were. They were always smiling they were always happy. He always remembered that. He said they were great gamblers, too. They always gamble and they want him to join in the gambling. And they did some sort of fingers, whatever that, with the finger thing. And of course he was impressed with the life here in Weihai. And the very thing specific, I don’t remember there’s something more specific.
戴维：是的。他讲过很多事情。他说他们经常谈论中国人十分乐观。他们总是笑，总是很开心。他一直都记得。他说他们还是了不起的赌徒。他们总是赌博，并邀请他加入他们的赌局。他们玩些手法，不知道是什么，就是用手指玩。当然，他对威海这里的生活印象深刻，一些很特别的事，我不记得还有什么更特别的事。
00:06:33
Anchor: so of course, as you mentioned earlier that many Chinese were recruited by British side went to France through Canada. So how Canadian Government treat these Chinese, because as you might know, the Canadian government did not allow the Chinese get off the train and treated them as a sort of prisoners for many different reasons one of course in British policy. Were both the British and Canadian Government deeply obsessed with the secrecy of these movements? Canadian government even set up so-called the chips-sanction to suppress any news or news items to mention these Chinese movements. So do you have any comment or ideas about?
主持人：诚如您一开始时说过的，很多中国人由英方招募，途经加拿大，前往法国。那么加拿大政府如何对待这些中国劳工呢？或许您知道，加拿大政府不允许这些中国劳工下船，把他们当成犯人对待。这原因有许多，其中有一点是英国的政策。英国政府和加拿大政府是不是都很热衷于隐瞒这场迁移？加拿大政府甚至通过了一项法令，来禁止任何有关中国劳工迁移的新闻或新闻标题。您对此有何评价或感想？
00:07:24
No, I have no ideas about that. In fact, that was not mentioned in my father’s very detailed journal of what happened on the way over. He did not talk about that at all. Of course he would know about that, he would be. He was on the train, he did the separate every day after looking after the people who are ill. He was very proud of the fact that not only one person was seriously ill are of his thousand he took across. And this was the man who died mysteriously in hell of facts. And he found what we could call a heart attack. But he was the only one who was ill and my father was quite delighted that the people get across under his care with no serious problems as far as health was concerned. But we never mentioned about the secret thing of the train loads of Chinese. That’s must be a number of they went across. I’m not surprised that the government was anxious to get these workers over there. And you know, they were assigned there. And you cannot I suppose let everybody get off the train at every stop and people wander off. I’ve just been with the group of 16 people traveling around China. I know 16, there were 3 always wander off, and you could never find them when you are ready to move on. So this was happened I think any …
戴维：没有。我对此完全不知情。实际上，在我父亲详尽的记述这一路发生的事情的日记里并没有提到这些。他丝毫没有提及此事。当然，他要是知道了，他肯定会说。他那时在船上，每天在查出生病的劳工后他都要把他们隔离起来。在他照顾的整个的几千名劳工中，只有一人病的很严重，对此，他深感自豪。这个人死因不明。他发现他得了我们今天所称的心脏病。但他是唯一一个生病的。我父亲很高兴这些迁移的劳工在他的照顾下没有发生严重的健康问题。但我们从没提到这些中国人在列车上发生的秘事。肯定有很多。我对政府焦急的要把他们运走的心态并不感到惊讶。你知道，他们是被派遣到那里的。你不可能让每一个人在每一停靠站都下车走动。我才和一组十六个人一同到中国。十六个人，其中就有三个人总是乱走动。你要走的时候根本就找不到他们。所以我认为这就是当时发生的……
00:09:09
Anchor: of course, the British did not want to attract the German’s attention, remember the submarine attacks. Also the Chinese government did not want anyone to notice it, either. So do you know how many Canadians even today realize the thousands and thousands of Chinese travel to France through Canada?
主持人：当然，英国人不想引起德国人的注意，还记得潜水艇袭击事件吧。中国政府也不想让任何人注意到这些。那么据您所知，如今有多少加拿大人知道曾有成千上万的中国劳工通过加拿大前往法国？
00:09:32
Not many. Not many and not many Chinese scholars know about that either. And not many military historians know about that. And I have been involved in military history a bit. As a little bit past, And not many of them know anything about that. In fact, nearly 200,000 went over to France. It was a great surprise to most people. So it’s a unique part of the history, one of the secret I think in the First World War.
戴维：没有很多，没有很多人知道。同样也没有很多中国学者知道。包括很多军事历史家也未必知道。我了解一些军事历史方面的事。由于过去有些时候了，所以没有多少人知道这些。事实上，有将近二十万的中国劳工去了法国。很多人都不敢相信。这是历史上的奇迹，我认为是一战的一个秘密。
00:10:08
Anchor: unfortunately, the Canadian government can not take great credit so far, because they do not. nobody even noticed it.
主持人：很不幸，加拿大政府至今也没能获得好名声，因为没人知道这些。
00:10:13
Well, that’s true. That’s true. And the Canadian government was I suppose they really have little to do with this. It was British government said they want them over here and who will pay for. I don’t know probably the British would pay for that.
戴维：是的，这是真的。我认为，加拿大政府实际上对此无能为力。事实上，是英国政府想要把这些中国劳工运送到那儿的，英国政府要为此偿还。我不知道英国人是不是会偿还。
00:10:33
Anchor: great. Any other comments ?
主持人：好。还有什么评价吗？
00:10:36
Well, nothing, except that about this conference, it’s a fascinating topic. And my son and I are delighted to be here. And of course, we’ve talked for the last two weeks to talk to a number of Chinese who I’ve no idea of what happened and also Americans we’ve talked to. I’ve no idea this momentous thing happened in 1917 and 1918.
戴维：没了。除了这个会面。这真是个有趣的话题。我和我的儿子都很高兴来到这儿。当然，在过去的两周里，我们和很多中国人，还有很多美国人交谈过，他们都不是很清楚。我不知道1917年到1918年间发生了这样重大的事情。
00:11:10
Anchor: Great thank you
主持人：好的。谢谢您！
00:11:11
All right. Fine.
戴维：不谢！
00:11:16
Anchor: ok you are ready?
主持人：好，您准备好了吗？
00:11:17
Yes. I’m ready.
Dontevan：是的，我准备好了。
00:11:18
Anchor: so, Mr Dontevan. I understand you are within many incredible connections with Chinese laborers in France and in Belgium during the First World War. So tell us one of the most important diaries you have connected, from this dairy to understand the importance of the Chinese workers.
主持人：Dontevan先生，我了解到您和很多在法国和比利时的一战时期的中国劳工有密切的联系。那么给我们讲讲您手上最重要的一部日记，一部可以从中了解中国劳工的重要性的日记。
00:11:40
Well, the most important dairy we have is from a Catholic priest, Ashuva Walleham. He wrote the dairy as he was a priest. He was interested in knowing to people and psychology etc. and so he wrote many many pages on the Chinese laborers. And it’s quite interesting because of the positive as well as some negative feelings of the locals towards the Chinese laborers expressed in it. For instance, he described how they dress the blue lean jackets with the hether weater they are wearing. But he also says according to the Belgium population. You could see no emotions on the face and he also says that there are very curious, which is a little bit odds, because from his dairy, he is as curious in them as they were in this case. And the Belgians, he also says they are very very hard workers. They were working he writes as hard if not more as local population as definitely harder than the British soldiers. So it’s very mixed but very balanced opinion, I think.
Dontevan：好的。我们所有的最重要的一本日记来自一位天主教牧师，他叫Ashuva Walleham。他在当牧师的时候写了这本日记。他对人和人的心理状况等十分感兴趣。他写了很多有关中国劳工的日记。这里面有关当地人对中国劳工的好的和不好的印象都十分的有趣。例如，他描绘了他们如何穿他们的蓝色夹克和羽毛汗衫。但他也写道，比利时人认为这些人面部时常没有什么表情。他们总是很好奇，这有点不公，因为从他的日记里，你可以看到他对他们就如他们对他一样好奇。他写道，他们是非常非常勤劳的人。他认为，即使比不上当地人，也至少可以肯定比那些英国士兵要勤劳。所以，我觉得这是一种很复杂但很平衡的观点。
00:13:06
Anchor: Tell us maybe one or two most interesting stories from this dairy about Chinese workers.
主持人：给我们讲一两个这本日记里关于中国劳工的最有意思的事情。
00:13:12
Yeah, one of the particularly interesting stories which proves that the dairy-writer is very accurate is that on Christmas day, 1917. He says he writes there was a quarrel between the Chinese laborers and New Zealand troops, and then he writes that he heard of shooting that some laborers for shot nearby. And that’s exactly true, because if you go to one of the British military summitries near my museum, you come across tree graves of Chinese laborers shot on Christmas day 1917. So he writes about the trouble between these two groups presents in front of us. He also states that for instance people in Ballpolrin which is a small town in Belgium are very keen on doing tricks with the Chinese laborers. And the Chinese are very harsh-treated by the English offices. And he writes that even they are not allowed to go into the shops, they did so anyhow and of course the locals allowed them to do so because they came as only tourists and even attract Chinese laborers and even that some shopkeepers learned some words of Chinese, which was peculiarly remarkable.
Dontevan：好的。其中一个能证明作者很准确的相当有趣的故事发生在1917年的圣诞节。他写道，中国劳工和新西兰军队之间发生了争吵。然后他听到了附近有中国劳工遭枪击的声音。这是真实的故事。如果你去我的博物馆附近的一个英国军事会议点，你就会看到1917年圣诞遭枪击的中国劳工的树木做的坟墓。他向我们描绘了发生在两群人之间的矛盾。他还说，比如比利时小镇Ballpolrin地方的人十分热衷于和中国劳工玩把戏。中国人遭到了英国官方的严厉对待。他写道，他们甚至不被允许进入商店。但他们还是进了，当然当地人允许他们进入，因为他们带来了生意，带来了更多的中国劳工，一些店主甚至学会了一些中国词，这真是相当了不起。
00:14:48
Anchor: any romantic relations between the Chinese laborers and the Belgian women?
主持人：中国劳工和比利时妇女之间有什么爱情故事发生吗？
00:14:53
Well, there’s a very big taboo on this. And actually is forbidden, but there’s no written statement. But in a village, near my museum, there are two people whose nickname was the Qing. And was because that was very obvious and very clear from how they looked. They were the son of the Belgian girl with the Chinese laborer. But there’s a huge taboo on sexual or romantic relationships between soldiers and laborers in the great war and local population. So there was very little told about it.
Dontevan：嗯，这是个很大的禁忌，事实上这是禁止的，但没有明确成文。但在一个小村庄，就在我的博物馆附近，有两个人，他们的外号叫“Qing”，因为从他们的外貌上可以很容易很清楚地看出，他们是一个比利时姑娘和中国劳工的孩子。然而，有明令禁止士兵和劳工以及当地人之间有身体上的或感情方面的关系。所以，这方面几乎没有什么可说的。
00:15:37
Anchor: by taboo, you mean the official policy to forbid these or these just socially abandon?
主持人：谈到禁忌，您的意思是指官方禁止此类事件的指令还是仅仅是指社会习俗上的禁止？
00:15:44
That’s both officially and socially standard. Belgian was then a very Catholic country. And it was just…, you did not speak about it. You did not speak about it.
Dontevan：都有。比利时那时是个很严格的天主教国家。那仅仅是…，你不能谈论这事。你完全不能谈论。
00:16:00
Anchor: as I took it a contrary to the French practices because there are lots of white spread stories romantic stories about Chinese and French women.
主持人：我拿它和法国做个比较，因为有很多有关中国人和法国妇女的浪漫爱情故事在流传。
00:16:07
Yeah, but the French moral standards were something different from that in Belgium.
Dontevan：对。但法国人的道德标准和比利时人的不太一样。
00:16:18
Anchor: so to what extend the Belgians understand the stories of existence of large number of Chinese workers in Belgium during First World War?
主持人：那么，比利时人对一战期间在比利时的大量中国工人的故事知道多少呢？
00:16:29
It was very well known but only very small part of them. The part the Chinese laborers are active near the frontline that has always been known. the reason for this is because Chinese laborers stayed until late 1919, early 1920. And so that even refugees who returns to their homestead have account for them. On the other hand, a lot of Belgians, remained Belgians, almost know none about the Chinese presence in the First World War. And it’s only in the last two years this has changed through exhibitions, books and the like.
Dontevan：嗯，广泛流传，只有很少的一部分为人所知。通常人们都知道中国劳工在前线很活跃的部分。原因是直到1919年底，1920年初还有中国劳工待在那儿。所以甚至是回家的难民也知道他们。另一方面，很多比利时人，存活下来的比利时人对一战中中国人的参与几乎一无所知。这种情况只在近两年通过展览、书籍等方式才有所改观。
00:17:10
Anchor: so you mentioned books that’s mean the scholars’ books or just the issue or just as articles.
主持人：您提到了书籍，这是指学者的书籍还是仅仅是有关这方面的文章？
00:17:18
It’s all very recent and last year, my museum organized an exhibition not only on the Chinese laborer calls but they were present and there was a book who was published in three languages who companies that. So that press the world. And most people in Belgium, we are a very small country, if you say about the numbers of Chinese presents. They are completely amazed. It was a part of history, just like it was in China. that was like partly erased from memory and it’s the task of historians. As in Belgium, to bring this back to the front to get it back into the collective memory.
Dontevan：最近，就是去年，我的博物馆组织了一次展览，不仅包含中国劳工征集，他们还亲临现场，并有一本译成三种语言的书来向世界展示。很多比利时人相当震惊，我们是个小国家，如果你说出席中国人的数目的话。这是历史的一部分，正如中国一样。这是从记忆中擦掉的一部分，是历史学家们的任务。在比利时，把它们带到公众面前，带回集体记忆中去。
00:18:00
Anchor: great. Since you are a scholar of this subject as well, so what’s your perception of Chinese contributions or Chinese experience with the First World War?
主持人：好的。既然您也是这一方面的学者，那么您对中国人对一战的贡献或者说中国参与一战有什么看法呢？
00:18:11
First of all, of my perspective is Belgian, can only speak of that. First of all, it’s, they were forgotten for many reasons. One of the reasons is that they are laborers not fighting troops. But they are vital, just like other labor troops. They are vital for the allies in the ends, or for all the efforts in general. Secondly, it’s very important for us, as Belgian historian, to make a good arise image of the Chinese laborers. Because rights after the war in1919 and 1920, they were like this capgoats forever they are from. I mean Belgium refugees came back had lost everything and they were back to their destroyed country. And the only people they saw there were Chinese laborers. so everything they blamed on was the Chinese laborers. while on the other hands, they clear the battlefields, they bury lots of deaths, and even they almost not know the Chinese contribution to the reconstruction of my town, and it’s very important we set to write balance to these people.
Dontevan：首先，由于我是个比利时人，我只能这么说。首先，由于很多原因，他们被遗忘了。其中一个原因是他们是劳工,而不是打仗的军队。但是他们很重要，就像其他的劳工队伍一样。他们对协约国最后的胜利，或广泛意义上说很关键，第二，对我们这些比利时历史学家来说，塑造一个中国劳工光辉的形象很重要，因为就在战争结束的1919年和1920年，他们在这里了。我是指比利时难民回来后发现失去了所有的东西，他们回到了他们被毁灭的国家。他们看到的唯一的人群就是这些中国劳工，所以他们把一切都归咎于中国劳工。但在另一方面，他们清扫了战场，埋葬了死者，有关中国人对我家乡的重建所作的贡献他们几乎一无所知。所以我们向这些人说明情况，保护公正非常重要。
00:19:32
Anchor: right. Thank you very much
主持人：好的。十分感谢您！
00:19:34
You are welcome
Dontevan：不客气。
English英语译成Chinese汉语: The Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Newborn Screening for Bilateral Permanent Congenital Hearing Impairment General field: 医学 Detailed field: 医疗（总称）
原文文本 - English英语 The Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Newborn Screening for Bilateral Permanent Congenital Hearing Impairment
通过新生儿听力普遍筛查检测先天双侧持久性听力损伤的成本效益分析
BILATERAL PERMANENT CONGENITAL hearing impairment (PCHI) of 40 decibel hearing level (dBHL) or greater is a significant public health issue because of its relatively high incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 live births and its adverse impact on development. In a number of longitudinal studies investigators have suggested that very early identification and intervention before the infant reaches months of age are associated with better language outcomes. Unfortunately, without screening, PCHI is usually not diagnosed until well after a child has completed infancy.
听力级分贝（dBHL）40或以上双侧先天持久性听力损伤（PCHI），因其每1000名成活婴儿中1至2例的较高发病率及其对儿童成长的不利影响，已经成为一个重要的公众卫生问题。在诸多纵向研究中，调查者们提出：在婴儿长到数个月大之前对该症状进行非常早期的鉴别和干预与较好的语言能力研究结果之间存在着关联关系。遗憾的是，如果不进行筛查，PCHI通常只有在患儿的婴儿期结束之后才能够被确诊。
The 2 main approaches to screening for bilateral PCHI are risk factor screening and universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). In a risk factor screening program, newborns with an identifiable risk factor, such as an admission to a neonatal intensive care unit or a birth weight of less than 1500 g, are identified and screened. However the correct identification of all at-risk newborns is very difficult to achieve in practice and, even when completely successful, risk factor screening programs are unable to identify all newborns with PCHI, as 40% to 60% do not have an identifiable risk factor.
筛查双侧PCHI的两种主要方式为危险因素筛查和新生儿听力普遍筛查（UNHS）。在危险因素筛查方案中，带有可识别危险因素——如入住新生儿重症监护病房或出生体重小于1500克——的婴儿将被加以鉴别和筛查。然而，在实践中很难实现对所有高危新生儿进行正确鉴别，即使完全鉴别成功，由于40%至60%的新生患儿并不带有可识别的危险因素，因此风险因素筛查方案无法鉴别所有的PCHI新生患儿。
Therefore, once it became technically feasible, UNHS for bilateral PCHI rapidly became the standard of care in developed economies, largely on the basis of expert recommendation. Universal newborn hearing screening programs offer all newborns an automated hearing screen with the use of otoacoustic emissions (OAE), automated auditory brainstem responses (AABR), or both. A systematic review of the evidence for UNHS for the detection of moderate-to-severe bilateral PCHI found that it was associated with an earlier age of referral, diagnosis and treatment than other approaches. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, the majority of the evidence for favorable child outcomes from UNHS comes from observational studies and the 2 quasi-randomized controlled trials.
因此，一旦利用UNHS检测双侧PCHI在技术上变得可行，它就能够基于大量的专家推荐而迅速在发达国家成为医疗护理标准。UNHS方案利用耳声发射（OAE）、自动听性脑干反应（AABR）或两者相结合的技术，为所有新生儿提供自动化听力筛查。一项关于UNHS对中度至重度双侧PCHI进行检测的系统性循证回顾研究发现，相较其他筛查方式，使用UNHS方案检测与患儿在较早年龄段得到转诊、诊断和治疗之间存在着关联关系。由于缺乏随机对照试验，大多数受益于UNHS的儿童研究结果证据均来源于观察研究以及两个半随机对照试验。
In the UK retrospective cohort study, exposure to UNHS was associated with better receptive language scores, both in terms of individual measures and aggregate results (receptive language as compared with nonverbal ability adjusted mean difference in aggregate z score, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–1.13). The impact on expressive language and speech was less clear. The clinically relevant gains in speech and expressive language garnered from UNHS were reflected in the small-to medium effect sizes, but these failed to reach statistical significance, possibly because of small sample sizes.
在英国的回顾性队列研究中，接受UNHS方案筛查的样本无论是在个体还是在集体评估结果中，都与更高的接受性语言成绩相关联。（接受性语言能力总分z对照非语言能力校正后的平均间差值，0.60；95%置信区间，0.07-1.13）。其对语言表达及言辞方面的影响尚未达成明确结论。通过UNHS获得语言表达及言辞相关的临床收益只体现在小型至中型效应值中，但这些数据并未达到显著统计性，原因有可能是样本数量太小。
Unfortunately, serious gaps in the evidence for UNHS remain, and it is now becoming clear that small population benefits have been overstated. In Australia, as in other developed economies, UNHS programs have been widely implemented despite the lack of strong evidence for their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Given this, there is no guarantee that UNHS programs will continue to receive government funding.
遗憾的是，与UNHS的相关证据依然存在严重差距，而今能够很明显的看出，基于少数人口的效益被夸大了。尽管缺乏证实UNHS方案功效和成本效益的有力证据，该方案依然在澳大利亚以及其他发达国家中广泛实行。鉴于此，UNHS方案是否能够继续得到政府的资助将无法得到保证。
The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence for the cost-effectiveness of UNHS programs for bilateral PCHI 40 dBHL or greater and to determine whether there was a need for further research. To our knowledge, this is the first formal systematic literature review that has focused on economic evaluations of screening programs for newborn hearing impairment.
本系统性回顾研究旨在对使用UNHS方案检测双侧PCHI为40听力级分贝或以上具有成本效益的论据进行汇总分析，以明确是否有必要对其开展进一步研究。就我方所知，本分析是首次着重于对筛查方案作出经济价值评估的正规系统性文献回顾研究。
A search was conducted of medical and nursing databases and gray literature websites by the use of multiple keywords. The titles and abstracts of studies were examined for preliminary inclusion if reference was made to newborn hearing screening, and to both costs and outcomes. Studies of potential relevance were independently assessed by 2 health economists for final inclusion in the review. Studies that met inclusion criteria were appraised by the use of existing guidelines for observational studies, economic evaluations and decision analytic models, and reported in a narrative literature review.
作者利用多个关键词，在医学和护理数据库以及灰色文献网站中进行搜索，通过对研究的名称与摘要进行初步列入审查，以寻找当中是否提到新生儿听力筛查及其成本与成果。经由两位卫生经济学家对初选研究文献的潜在相关性研究进行独立评估后，最终纳入本回顾。作者将使用现有的观察性研究指南、经济价值评估以及决策分析模型来评估符合纳入标准的研究，并在叙事文献回顾中做出相应的报告。
There were 22 distinct observational or modeled evaluations of which only 2 clearly compared universal newborn hearing screening to risk factor screening for bilateral permanent congenital hearing impairment. Of these, the single evaluation that examined long-term costs and outcomes found that universal newborn hearing screening could be cost-saving if early intervention led to a substantial reduction in future treatment costs and productivity losses.
在现有22项不同的观察性或模拟评估研究中，只有2项研究对UNHS和危险因素筛查方案用于双侧PCHI的检测进行了清晰的比对。其中，旨在审查双方长期成本与成果的单项评估指出，假设早期干预能够大幅度减少未来治疗的成本以及生产率损失，使用UNHS方案便可节约成本。
Despite its worldwide adoption, UNHS is yet to be established as a cost-effective investment. A major impediment is the lack of comparative effectiveness studies in which authors collect long-term prospective outcomes data—on quality of life and the educational, social, and employment opportunities of individuals with bilateral PCHI 40 dBHL or greater.
尽管在世界范围内被广泛使用，UNHS尚未被确认为一项具有成本效率的投资。其重要障碍在于，鲜有作者对双侧PCHI患者个人进行具有长期前瞻性的生活质量，教育，社交以及就业机会等成果数据采集，因此缺乏与之相关比较效益研究。
The review’s main strengths are its completeness, the use of established protocols for the conduct of systematic reviews, the inclusion of published and grey literature, and the extraction of study data using standardized forms. Copies were obtained of 71 of the 72 studies (98.61%) that met provisional inclusion criteria and no study was excluded on the basis of the date or language of publication. The studies that met final inclusion criteria were critiqued by the use of existing guidelines for the critical appraisal of observational studies (for type A evaluations), economic evaluations, and decision analytic models.
本回顾的主要优势在于其内容的完整性，编著时既定的规程的使用，包含的公开与灰色文献，以及提取研究数据时标准格式的运用。在相关的72份研究报告中，最终有71份符合临时纳入标准（98.61%），且没有出现由于出版日期或出版语言的原因将任何研究排除在外的情况。此外，还利用观察性研究的现有批判性评估准则（用于A型评估），经济价值评估以及决策分析模型对符合最终纳入标准的研究报告进行评判。
One limitation of the review is that the identification of studies of potential relevance was undertaken by a single researcher. In a systematic review, these decisions are normally made by 2 researchers, working independently, who through discussion and consensus arrive at an agreed list of included studies, from which they independently extract review data. The aim of this process is to improve the reliability and reproducibility of the review. The main limitation of the review was the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. This made it difficult, other than in broad terms, to summarize the studies and to make meaningful comparisons between their results. The majority of the included studies screened for unilateral or bilateral PCHI. Screening for unilateral PCHI is controversial because there is a lack of clear evidence of the need to screen for, and to provide early intervention for this condition. Including both forms of congenital hearing impairment in a single program increases the prevalence of the target condition, increasing the positive predictive value of the screening test, which in itself can act to reduce the cost per case detected.
本回顾的其中一个局限性在于仅由1名研究人员来对研究报告进行潜在关联性的识别。在通常的系统性回顾中，该类决策通常是由2名独立工作的研究员，将其各自提取的回顾数据列出进行讨论，并在最后纳入的研究报告清单达成共识。设立该流程的目的，是为了提高系统性回顾的可靠性以及可再生性。本回顾的一个主要局限性在于其包含研究的多相性。较笼统的说，这给汇总分析以及研究比对设置了重重障碍。大部分在本回顾中包括的筛查研究是用于检测单侧或双侧PCHI病症的。由于缺乏清晰的证据证明单侧PCHI进行筛查以及对筛查结果做出早期干预的必要性，因此单侧PCHI筛查目前仍然存在争议性。将这两种针对先天听力损伤症状的筛查合并到一个单项的筛查方案中，无疑在增加目标症状的患病率的同时，也提高了筛查测试的阳性预测值，这使得筛查本身就降低了每个病例的检测成本。
The single study in which investigators compared the long-term cost-effectiveness of UNHS to risk factor screening found that it could be cost-saving if early intervention led to a substantial reduction in future treatment costs and productivity losses, a finding that was highly dependent on a series of favorable assumptions about the effects of UNHS on language and educational outcomes that have yet to be confirmed in large scale population based studies. The impact that early detection and intervention may have on the long-term outcomes achieved by UNHS may also be attenuated by factors such as the severity of hearing impairment and the of cognitive impairment, a common additional disability in children with PCHI. Consequently, the proportion of newborns with PCHI who go on to gain normal language skills may fall well below the levels estimated by Keren et al18 that are necessary for UNHS to be cost-saving.
在调查者将UNHS和危险因素筛查进行长期成本效益比对的单项研究发现，假设早期干预能够大幅度减少未来治疗的成本以及生产率损失，使用UNHS方案便可节约成本。这一发现高度依赖于使用UNHS有利于患儿后期的语言和教育成果的一系列假设，然而这些假设并未得到以大范围人口为调查基础的研究证实。早期检测与干预对于UNHS实现其长期成果的影响也可能被其他因素减弱，例如严重听力损伤以及认知障碍等PCHI 患儿中常见额外伤残病症。由此可见，患有PCHI的新生儿在后期获取正常语言技能的比率将大大低于Keren等学者 [18] 所估计的UNHS成本节省所需的必要水平。
The pathway of events in future economic evaluations of UNHS programs should ideally reflect the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing guidelines of screening before 1 month, diagnosis before 3 months, and intervention before 6 months of age. A societal perspective should be used, with the evaluation tracking the lifetime events, outcomes and costs that are triggered by the program. To answer the question of whether UNHS is value for money, these evaluations need to use another approach to newborn hearing screening, such as risk factor screening or opportunistic screening (“no-screening”), as a comparator, as opposed to another form of UNHS. Because it is now unlikely that a randomized controlled trial will ever be conducted of UNHS, these evaluations will inevitably need to use some form of decision-analytic modelling. To maximize their value to decision-makers, they need to be conducted and reported in accordance with current best practice guidelines for decision-analytic modeling, the economic evaluation of screening programs, and the examination and presentation of uncertainty.
在对UNHS方案进行未来经济价值的评估时，理论上应将婴幼儿听力委员会制定的对出生1月内的新生儿进行筛查，对出生3月内高危因素婴儿进行诊断以及对确诊婴儿在出生6个月内进行干预的指导性建议纳入事件路径的考量范围。同时，从社会的视角出发，针对因病症所引发的生活事件，及事件结果和费用花销对患儿进行长期的跟踪评估。为解答UNHS是否合乎经济效益，该评估还需要使用其他UNHS方式作为比照对象，例如危险因素筛查或伺机筛查（无需筛查）。由于目前已知使用随机对照试验的方法无法完成对UNHS的评估，决策分析模型将成为评估的必然选择。若要将这些筛查方案的最大价值呈现给决策者，研究需根据目前决策分析建模的最佳实践指南、筛查方案的经济价值评估以及不确定性的检查和陈述而加以展开和报告。
The evidence for the long-term effectiveness of early intervention in these evaluations, and the probability of key events (ie, screened before 1 month; intervention before 6 months) should be obtained from a formal systematic review of population-based studies, such as that of Korver et al. The outcomes examined in the evaluations should include school age language ability and utility weighted quality of life. The measurement of utilityweighted quality of life will make it possible to calculate a cost per quality-adjusted life year. The use of this common metric will mean that meaningful comparisons can be made between the costs and benefits of UNHS programs, and those of other interventions and therapies.
在评估中，早期干预的长期有效性证据以及重要事件的发生概率（即：出生1月内的筛查；出生6个月内的干预）应从以人口为研究基础的正式系统性回顾研究中获取，如Korver等人的研究。评估的研究成果应包括入学年龄，语言能力，加权效用生活质量。对于加权效用生活质量的测量，将有可能计算每质量调整生命年的单位成本。使用这个常见矩阵的意义在于能够对UNHS方案和其他干预和治疗方式做出成本与效益之间的有效比对。
The information gained through this comparison can be used to inform government and private sector decisions about the efficient use of scarce healthcare resources. The aim of economic evaluation is not to necessarily save money but to obtain the greatest possible benefit from the use of scarce healthcare resources. Preventative interventions such as newborn screening do not need to save money to be cost-effective (ie, through reducing long-term productivity losses). An intervention to achieve a given outcome is cost-effective if it achieves this outcome at a lower cost than a comparator, or when the additional cost of the intervention falls below a pre-determined threshold that is acceptable to decision-makers and/or funding bodies (ie, $ 50 000 per quality-adjusted life year).
将上述比对所获信息告知政府及私营部门对有效利用稀缺医疗资源作出决定。经济价值评估的目的并不在于如何节省开支，而是如何通过有效的利用稀缺医疗资源并从中获取最大可能的效益。诸如新生儿筛查一类的预防性干预并不需要通过节省开支以达到成本效益的目的（即通过降低长期生产率损失）。评估一项干预措施在完成既定结果时是否具有成本效益，需要调查其是否使用比比照对象更低的成本来完成该项结果，或当干预的附加成本低于被决策者和/或资方接受的预定临界值（即$50,000每质量调整生命年）。
This review summarized the available evidence for the cost effectiveness of UNHS for the detection of bilateral PCHI. There is a lack of evidence for the longer-term costs and outcomes of these programs, and it is therefore premature to draw any conclusions about their cost effectiveness. There is a clear need for further research before any policy recommendations can be made. At this time the fundamental question remains unanswered: whether, at a population level, UNHS is a good long-term investment and a worthwhile use of limited health care resources.
本回顾研究汇总分析了UNHS方案检测先天双侧持久性听力损伤具有成本效益的现有可用证据。目前仍缺乏对此类筛查方案的长期成本及成效的有效证明，因此对其是否具有成本效益在此下结论还为时尚早。显然，在提出任何政策性建议之前，需要开展进一步的调查和研究。此时，一个最根本的问题尚未得到解答，即：若以大范围人口为调查基础，新生儿听力普遍筛查是否能被视为一个获益匪浅的长期性投资方案并值得为其动用有限的医疗卫生资源。
翻译文本 - Chinese汉语 The Cost-Effectiveness of Universal Newborn Screening for Bilateral Permanent Congenital Hearing Impairment
通过新生儿听力普遍筛查检测先天双侧持久性听力损伤的成本效益分析
BILATERAL PERMANENT CONGENITAL hearing impairment (PCHI) of 40 decibel hearing level (dBHL) or greater is a significant public health issue because of its relatively high incidence of 1 to 2 per 1000 live births and its adverse impact on development. In a number of longitudinal studies investigators have suggested that very early identification and intervention before the infant reaches months of age are associated with better language outcomes. Unfortunately, without screening, PCHI is usually not diagnosed until well after a child has completed infancy.
听力级分贝（dBHL）40或以上双侧先天持久性听力损伤（PCHI），因其每1000名成活婴儿中1至2例的较高发病率及其对儿童成长的不利影响，已经成为一个重要的公众卫生问题。在诸多纵向研究中，调查者们提出：在婴儿长到数个月大之前对该症状进行非常早期的鉴别和干预与较好的语言能力研究结果之间存在着关联关系。遗憾的是，如果不进行筛查，PCHI通常只有在患儿的婴儿期结束之后才能够被确诊。
The 2 main approaches to screening for bilateral PCHI are risk factor screening and universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS). In a risk factor screening program, newborns with an identifiable risk factor, such as an admission to a neonatal intensive care unit or a birth weight of less than 1500 g, are identified and screened. However the correct identification of all at-risk newborns is very difficult to achieve in practice and, even when completely successful, risk factor screening programs are unable to identify all newborns with PCHI, as 40% to 60% do not have an identifiable risk factor.
筛查双侧PCHI的两种主要方式为危险因素筛查和新生儿听力普遍筛查（UNHS）。在危险因素筛查方案中，带有可识别危险因素——如入住新生儿重症监护病房或出生体重小于1500克——的婴儿将被加以鉴别和筛查。然而，在实践中很难实现对所有高危新生儿进行正确鉴别，即使完全鉴别成功，由于40%至60%的新生患儿并不带有可识别的危险因素，因此风险因素筛查方案无法鉴别所有的PCHI新生患儿。
Therefore, once it became technically feasible, UNHS for bilateral PCHI rapidly became the standard of care in developed economies, largely on the basis of expert recommendation. Universal newborn hearing screening programs offer all newborns an automated hearing screen with the use of otoacoustic emissions (OAE), automated auditory brainstem responses (AABR), or both. A systematic review of the evidence for UNHS for the detection of moderate-to-severe bilateral PCHI found that it was associated with an earlier age of referral, diagnosis and treatment than other approaches. In the absence of randomized controlled trials, the majority of the evidence for favorable child outcomes from UNHS comes from observational studies and the 2 quasi-randomized controlled trials.
因此，一旦利用UNHS检测双侧PCHI在技术上变得可行，它就能够基于大量的专家推荐而迅速在发达国家成为医疗护理标准。UNHS方案利用耳声发射（OAE）、自动听性脑干反应（AABR）或两者相结合的技术，为所有新生儿提供自动化听力筛查。一项关于UNHS对中度至重度双侧PCHI进行检测的系统性循证回顾研究发现，相较其他筛查方式，使用UNHS方案检测与患儿在较早年龄段得到转诊、诊断和治疗之间存在着关联关系。由于缺乏随机对照试验，大多数受益于UNHS的儿童研究结果证据均来源于观察研究以及两个半随机对照试验。
In the UK retrospective cohort study, exposure to UNHS was associated with better receptive language scores, both in terms of individual measures and aggregate results (receptive language as compared with nonverbal ability adjusted mean difference in aggregate z score, 0.60; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–1.13). The impact on expressive language and speech was less clear. The clinically relevant gains in speech and expressive language garnered from UNHS were reflected in the small-to medium effect sizes, but these failed to reach statistical significance, possibly because of small sample sizes.
在英国的回顾性队列研究中，接受UNHS方案筛查的样本无论是在个体还是在集体评估结果中，都与更高的接受性语言成绩相关联。（接受性语言能力总分z对照非语言能力校正后的平均间差值，0.60；95%置信区间，0.07-1.13）。其对语言表达及言辞方面的影响尚未达成明确结论。通过UNHS获得语言表达及言辞相关的临床收益只体现在小型至中型效应值中，但这些数据并未达到显著统计性，原因有可能是样本数量太小。
Unfortunately, serious gaps in the evidence for UNHS remain, and it is now becoming clear that small population benefits have been overstated. In Australia, as in other developed economies, UNHS programs have been widely implemented despite the lack of strong evidence for their efficacy and cost-effectiveness. Given this, there is no guarantee that UNHS programs will continue to receive government funding.
遗憾的是，与UNHS的相关证据依然存在严重差距，而今能够很明显的看出，基于少数人口的效益被夸大了。尽管缺乏证实UNHS方案功效和成本效益的有力证据，该方案依然在澳大利亚以及其他发达国家中广泛实行。鉴于此，UNHS方案是否能够继续得到政府的资助将无法得到保证。
The objective of this systematic review was to summarize the available evidence for the cost-effectiveness of UNHS programs for bilateral PCHI 40 dBHL or greater and to determine whether there was a need for further research. To our knowledge, this is the first formal systematic literature review that has focused on economic evaluations of screening programs for newborn hearing impairment.
本系统性回顾研究旨在对使用UNHS方案检测双侧PCHI为40听力级分贝或以上具有成本效益的论据进行汇总分析，以明确是否有必要对其开展进一步研究。就我方所知，本分析是首次着重于对筛查方案作出经济价值评估的正规系统性文献回顾研究。
A search was conducted of medical and nursing databases and gray literature websites by the use of multiple keywords. The titles and abstracts of studies were examined for preliminary inclusion if reference was made to newborn hearing screening, and to both costs and outcomes. Studies of potential relevance were independently assessed by 2 health economists for final inclusion in the review. Studies that met inclusion criteria were appraised by the use of existing guidelines for observational studies, economic evaluations and decision analytic models, and reported in a narrative literature review.
作者利用多个关键词，在医学和护理数据库以及灰色文献网站中进行搜索，通过对研究的名称与摘要进行初步列入审查，以寻找当中是否提到新生儿听力筛查及其成本与成果。经由两位卫生经济学家对初选研究文献的潜在相关性研究进行独立评估后，最终纳入本回顾。作者将使用现有的观察性研究指南、经济价值评估以及决策分析模型来评估符合纳入标准的研究，并在叙事文献回顾中做出相应的报告。
There were 22 distinct observational or modeled evaluations of which only 2 clearly compared universal newborn hearing screening to risk factor screening for bilateral permanent congenital hearing impairment. Of these, the single evaluation that examined long-term costs and outcomes found that universal newborn hearing screening could be cost-saving if early intervention led to a substantial reduction in future treatment costs and productivity losses.
在现有22项不同的观察性或模拟评估研究中，只有2项研究对UNHS和危险因素筛查方案用于双侧PCHI的检测进行了清晰的比对。其中，旨在审查双方长期成本与成果的单项评估指出，假设早期干预能够大幅度减少未来治疗的成本以及生产率损失，使用UNHS方案便可节约成本。
Despite its worldwide adoption, UNHS is yet to be established as a cost-effective investment. A major impediment is the lack of comparative effectiveness studies in which authors collect long-term prospective outcomes data—on quality of life and the educational, social, and employment opportunities of individuals with bilateral PCHI 40 dBHL or greater.
尽管在世界范围内被广泛使用，UNHS尚未被确认为一项具有成本效率的投资。其重要障碍在于，鲜有作者对双侧PCHI患者个人进行具有长期前瞻性的生活质量，教育，社交以及就业机会等成果数据采集，因此缺乏与之相关比较效益研究。
The review’s main strengths are its completeness, the use of established protocols for the conduct of systematic reviews, the inclusion of published and grey literature, and the extraction of study data using standardized forms. Copies were obtained of 71 of the 72 studies (98.61%) that met provisional inclusion criteria and no study was excluded on the basis of the date or language of publication. The studies that met final inclusion criteria were critiqued by the use of existing guidelines for the critical appraisal of observational studies (for type A evaluations), economic evaluations, and decision analytic models.
本回顾的主要优势在于其内容的完整性，编著时既定的规程的使用，包含的公开与灰色文献，以及提取研究数据时标准格式的运用。在相关的72份研究报告中，最终有71份符合临时纳入标准（98.61%），且没有出现由于出版日期或出版语言的原因将任何研究排除在外的情况。此外，还利用观察性研究的现有批判性评估准则（用于A型评估），经济价值评估以及决策分析模型对符合最终纳入标准的研究报告进行评判。
One limitation of the review is that the identification of studies of potential relevance was undertaken by a single researcher. In a systematic review, these decisions are normally made by 2 researchers, working independently, who through discussion and consensus arrive at an agreed list of included studies, from which they independently extract review data. The aim of this process is to improve the reliability and reproducibility of the review. The main limitation of the review was the significant heterogeneity of the included studies. This made it difficult, other than in broad terms, to summarize the studies and to make meaningful comparisons between their results. The majority of the included studies screened for unilateral or bilateral PCHI. Screening for unilateral PCHI is controversial because there is a lack of clear evidence of the need to screen for, and to provide early intervention for this condition. Including both forms of congenital hearing impairment in a single program increases the prevalence of the target condition, increasing the positive predictive value of the screening test, which in itself can act to reduce the cost per case detected.
本回顾的其中一个局限性在于仅由1名研究人员来对研究报告进行潜在关联性的识别。在通常的系统性回顾中，该类决策通常是由2名独立工作的研究员，将其各自提取的回顾数据列出进行讨论，并在最后纳入的研究报告清单达成共识。设立该流程的目的，是为了提高系统性回顾的可靠性以及可再生性。本回顾的一个主要局限性在于其包含研究的多相性。较笼统的说，这给汇总分析以及研究比对设置了重重障碍。大部分在本回顾中包括的筛查研究是用于检测单侧或双侧PCHI病症的。由于缺乏清晰的证据证明单侧PCHI进行筛查以及对筛查结果做出早期干预的必要性，因此单侧PCHI筛查目前仍然存在争议性。将这两种针对先天听力损伤症状的筛查合并到一个单项的筛查方案中，无疑在增加目标症状的患病率的同时，也提高了筛查测试的阳性预测值，这使得筛查本身就降低了每个病例的检测成本。
The single study in which investigators compared the long-term cost-effectiveness of UNHS to risk factor screening found that it could be cost-saving if early intervention led to a substantial reduction in future treatment costs and productivity losses, a finding that was highly dependent on a series of favorable assumptions about the effects of UNHS on language and educational outcomes that have yet to be confirmed in large scale population based studies. The impact that early detection and intervention may have on the long-term outcomes achieved by UNHS may also be attenuated by factors such as the severity of hearing impairment and the of cognitive impairment, a common additional disability in children with PCHI. Consequently, the proportion of newborns with PCHI who go on to gain normal language skills may fall well below the levels estimated by Keren et al18 that are necessary for UNHS to be cost-saving.
在调查者将UNHS和危险因素筛查进行长期成本效益比对的单项研究发现，假设早期干预能够大幅度减少未来治疗的成本以及生产率损失，使用UNHS方案便可节约成本。这一发现高度依赖于使用UNHS有利于患儿后期的语言和教育成果的一系列假设，然而这些假设并未得到以大范围人口为调查基础的研究证实。早期检测与干预对于UNHS实现其长期成果的影响也可能被其他因素减弱，例如严重听力损伤以及认知障碍等PCHI 患儿中常见额外伤残病症。由此可见，患有PCHI的新生儿在后期获取正常语言技能的比率将大大低于Keren等学者 [18] 所估计的UNHS成本节省所需的必要水平。
The pathway of events in future economic evaluations of UNHS programs should ideally reflect the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing guidelines of screening before 1 month, diagnosis before 3 months, and intervention before 6 months of age. A societal perspective should be used, with the evaluation tracking the lifetime events, outcomes and costs that are triggered by the program. To answer the question of whether UNHS is value for money, these evaluations need to use another approach to newborn hearing screening, such as risk factor screening or opportunistic screening (“no-screening”), as a comparator, as opposed to another form of UNHS. Because it is now unlikely that a randomized controlled trial will ever be conducted of UNHS, these evaluations will inevitably need to use some form of decision-analytic modelling. To maximize their value to decision-makers, they need to be conducted and reported in accordance with current best practice guidelines for decision-analytic modeling, the economic evaluation of screening programs, and the examination and presentation of uncertainty.
在对UNHS方案进行未来经济价值的评估时，理论上应将婴幼儿听力委员会制定的对出生1月内的新生儿进行筛查，对出生3月内高危因素婴儿进行诊断以及对确诊婴儿在出生6个月内进行干预的指导性建议纳入事件路径的考量范围。同时，从社会的视角出发，针对因病症所引发的生活事件，及事件结果和费用花销对患儿进行长期的跟踪评估。为解答UNHS是否合乎经济效益，该评估还需要使用其他UNHS方式作为比照对象，例如危险因素筛查或伺机筛查（无需筛查）。由于目前已知使用随机对照试验的方法无法完成对UNHS的评估，决策分析模型将成为评估的必然选择。若要将这些筛查方案的最大价值呈现给决策者，研究需根据目前决策分析建模的最佳实践指南、筛查方案的经济价值评估以及不确定性的检查和陈述而加以展开和报告。
The evidence for the long-term effectiveness of early intervention in these evaluations, and the probability of key events (ie, screened before 1 month; intervention before 6 months) should be obtained from a formal systematic review of population-based studies, such as that of Korver et al. The outcomes examined in the evaluations should include school age language ability and utility weighted quality of life. The measurement of utilityweighted quality of life will make it possible to calculate a cost per quality-adjusted life year. The use of this common metric will mean that meaningful comparisons can be made between the costs and benefits of UNHS programs, and those of other interventions and therapies.
在评估中，早期干预的长期有效性证据以及重要事件的发生概率（即：出生1月内的筛查；出生6个月内的干预）应从以人口为研究基础的正式系统性回顾研究中获取，如Korver等人的研究。评估的研究成果应包括入学年龄，语言能力，加权效用生活质量。对于加权效用生活质量的测量，将有可能计算每质量调整生命年的单位成本。使用这个常见矩阵的意义在于能够对UNHS方案和其他干预和治疗方式做出成本与效益之间的有效比对。
The information gained through this comparison can be used to inform government and private sector decisions about the efficient use of scarce healthcare resources. The aim of economic evaluation is not to necessarily save money but to obtain the greatest possible benefit from the use of scarce healthcare resources. Preventative interventions such as newborn screening do not need to save money to be cost-effective (ie, through reducing long-term productivity losses). An intervention to achieve a given outcome is cost-effective if it achieves this outcome at a lower cost than a comparator, or when the additional cost of the intervention falls below a pre-determined threshold that is acceptable to decision-makers and/or funding bodies (ie, $ 50 000 per quality-adjusted life year).
将上述比对所获信息告知政府及私营部门对有效利用稀缺医疗资源作出决定。经济价值评估的目的并不在于如何节省开支，而是如何通过有效的利用稀缺医疗资源并从中获取最大可能的效益。诸如新生儿筛查一类的预防性干预并不需要通过节省开支以达到成本效益的目的（即通过降低长期生产率损失）。评估一项干预措施在完成既定结果时是否具有成本效益，需要调查其是否使用比比照对象更低的成本来完成该项结果，或当干预的附加成本低于被决策者和/或资方接受的预定临界值（即$50,000每质量调整生命年）。
This review summarized the available evidence for the cost effectiveness of UNHS for the detection of bilateral PCHI. There is a lack of evidence for the longer-term costs and outcomes of these programs, and it is therefore premature to draw any conclusions about their cost effectiveness. There is a clear need for further research before any policy recommendations can be made. At this time the fundamental question remains unanswered: whether, at a population level, UNHS is a good long-term investment and a worthwhile use of limited health care resources.
本回顾研究汇总分析了UNHS方案检测先天双侧持久性听力损伤具有成本效益的现有可用证据。目前仍缺乏对此类筛查方案的长期成本及成效的有效证明，因此对其是否具有成本效益在此下结论还为时尚早。显然，在提出任何政策性建议之前，需要开展进一步的调查和研究。此时，一个最根本的问题尚未得到解答，即：若以大范围人口为调查基础，新生儿听力普遍筛查是否能被视为一个获益匪浅的长期性投资方案并值得为其动用有限的医疗卫生资源。
Chinese汉语译成English英语: 建筑节能问题研究项目建议书 General field: 技术/工程设计 Detailed field: 能源/发电
Project Name: Research on Energy Conservation of Buildings in Beijing Planning Management, Approval and Supervision
I. Presentation of the Project
Energy plays a positive role in guaranteeing growth of national economy, promoting social progress and improving people's living standard. However, due to its scarcity, it has also become an important factor restricting economic development. Energy conservation is an important indicator in construction of conservation-oriented society, and also a hot issue that has gradually permeated the people.
In January 2005, the State Council replied the Master Planning of Beijing (2004-2020), which defined the goal of developing Beijing a “national capital, world city, famous cultural city and livable city”, brought advance to insist on harmony of social and economic development with resources, population and environment, thus realizing sustainable development of the city, and also proposed the slogan of building a “conservation-oriented society”. At present, taking advantage of the Olympic Games, society and economy of Beijing City has tended to grow rapidly, while such supernormal economic growth will impose great pressure on population, resources and environment. In order to better implement the goal of building a “conservation-oriented” society as defined by the master plan, and ensure implementation and execution of energy-conservation standard in Planning preparation, approval and supervision, the planning department shall, coinciding with promulgation of the Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China and the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Urban and Rural Planning, promptly compare and analyze articles involving energy conservation in relevant laws and regulations on urban planning at home and abroad, summarize and analyze relevant conditions and refer to relevant experiences, and investigate how to revise, formulate and improve corresponding supporting provisions in the processes of preparation, approval and supervision by taking actual situation of Beijing planning management into account, to let energy conservation work move on a legalized and standardized road, and provide basis for planning permit and supervision.
At present, in relevant regulations above municipal level of Beijing, articles concerning energy conservation have not been perfected, and are to be revised and supplemented, which has affected authoritativeness of the plan, as well as operability of relevant articles to certain extent, and also goes against link of regulations on city planning with the goal of building a “conservation-oriented” society. Therefore, it has become an urgent and important task to investigate formulation and implementation of planning regulations and energy conservation standard.
The task aims at, through a great deal of deep and careful investigations and researches, investigating and planning a proposal for the planning department to revise and formulate an energy conservation standard suitable for Beijing City and improve corresponding supporting provisions, providing a scheme for the planning department to improve the plan, and providing feasible suggestions on implementation of the energy conservation standard.
II. Issues Dealt with by the Project
(I) The Project carries out relevant researches from the following aspects
1. Energy conservation standards and relevant articles in regulations on city planning of Beijing
1) Broad investigation on relevant materials and network information to have an understanding of State regulations on urban and rural planning, i.e. the Urban and Rural Planning Law of the People’s Republic of China, the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Conserving Energy, the Master Plan of Beijing (2004-2020), the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on City Planning, the Regulations of Beijing Municipality on Building Energy Conservation Management, and etc.
2) Collection of regulations and standards concerning urban and rural planning, land planning, urban construction, design and construction in laws on city planning of Beijing, i.e. regulations formulated by municipal planning commission, municipal construction commission, and municipal land and resources bureau.
3) Based on existing laws and regulations on energy conservation, considering present situation of per capita land and resources, energy reserves and utilization of Beijing City, and understanding key points and orientation for urban energy conservation development of Beijing city.
2. Energy conservation standard and relevant articles in regulations on city planning at home and abroad
1) Investigation and research on energy conservation articles and supporting provisions in city planning laws of domestic cities, e.g. Shanghai, Guangzhou and etc.
2) Investigation and research on relevant contents concerning energy conservation in regulations on urban planning of foreign cities, e.g. London, New York, Moscow and etc., to learn regulations on and management measures for energy conservation planning suitable for urban development of Beijing city.
3．Comparative research on energy conservation standard and articles of Beijing City and other foreign and domestic cities
Through information investigation as well as comparative researches on energy conservation standard and articles of Beijing City and other foreign and domestic cities, it will improve energy conservation standard and relevant articles in regulations on city planning of Beijing from the following two aspects:
1) Discover deficiencies in existing energy conservation articles in city planning of Beijing, and give suggestions on revision of such articles, e.g. what articles to be added to which regulation in which process with reference to foreign example.
2) Summarize energy conservation articles mentioned in regulations on city planning of foreign and domestic cities, but not mentioned in regulations of Beijing City, and give suggestions on supplementing energy conservation articles practical to Beijing City and China in relevant terms.
4．Improvement scheme and suggestion on energy conservation articles and supporting provisions on the plan
1) With reference to revision process of the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Energy Conservation, it will mainly analyze energy conservation articles in regulations on city planning of Beijing city from the following aspects: whether they are in conformity to actual situation of Beijing City; whether they are too principled; whether the proportion of promoting articles and restrictive and punishment articles is suitable; whether they are lack of enforceability and operability.
2) It shall consider improvement of regulations from the following aspects: perfecting energy conservation standard system of Beijing City based on enforced State standard and industrial standard; highlighting operable market encouragement means (e.g. energy identification management) and enforced punishment means (defining legal responsibility); and promoting energy conservation in terms of policies on finance, tax, price and investment.
3) Visit supervision and management departments, relevant industries (related with engineering construction) and the public for investigation, present problems and challenges may be faced with in implementation.
4) Comparatively analyze energy conservation standards and articles in regulations on city planning at home and abroad, suit measures to local conditions, and take actual situation of Beijing City into account to bring advance problems existing in regulations on city planning of Beijing, as well as supporting provisions to be formulated in the processes of preparation, approval and supervision.
Feasible improvement scheme for energy conservation articles and suggestions on preparation of supporting provisions will be drawn based on the research results. If possible, it may work out corresponding quantitative indices for some key monitoring industries and units of energy conservation for the convenience of assessment and evaluation, so as to provide practical and reliable reference for supervision and management department.
(II) Research Frame Designed for the Project
1. Summary of energy conservation standard and relevant articles in regulations on city planning of Beijing
1.1 Sort energy conservation articles in regulations on city planning of Beijing
1.2 Summarize key points of relevant laws on energy conservation of China
2. Excerpts of energy conservation standards and relevant articles from planning regulations of foreign and domestic cities
2.1 Excerpts of energy conservation standards and relevant articles from major domestic cities
2.2 Excerpts of energy conservation standards and relevant articles from important foreign cities
3. Comparative Research on Energy Conservation Related Laws and Regulations of Beijing and other Foreign and Domestic Cities
4. Current Problems and Challenges of Beijing in Execution of Energy Conservation Standards in Plan Preparation, Approval and Supervision
5. Suggestions on Implementation of Energy Conservation Standard for Buildings in Regulations on City Plan of Beijing
III. Main Methods Applied by the Project
1. Research and investigation
● Material investigation: broadly collect relevant materials and network information to know State energy conservation plans and its development, present situation of and issues existing in energy utilization of Beijing City, energy conservation articles, successful cases, advanced ideas and methods in city planning laws and regulations at home and abroad, as well as present situation of relevant current researches;
● Field work: investigate Shanghai, Guangzhou and etc. for referential experiences and existing issues in terms of energy conservation.
2. Visit to relevant departments
It will mainly visit Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, Municipal Construction Commission and Municipal Land and Resources Bureau to hear the actual problems and difficulties they face with in energy conservation; hear consulting opinions and suggestions of experts in terms of energy, environment, land and construction.
3. Public investigation
It will, by means of network and questionnaires, mainly investigate restricted industries (engineering construction, construction industry, developers, residents and etc.), hear feedback from the public on regulations, and supervise and manage such feedback information.
IV. Work Plan and Schedule of the Project
October 1 - 31, 2008: preparation and design of Project proposal, information investigation
November 2008 – February 2009: task investigation, investigation visit and submission of draft of research results
March – April 30, 2009: revision of report on task research, and evaluation and appraisal of research results
V. Submission of Project Achievement
1. Results of Comparative Investigation on Energy Conservation Related Provisions in Regulations on City Planning of Beijing and other Foreign and Domestic Cities
2. Suggestions on Implementation of Energy Conservation Standard for Buildings in Approval, Management and Supervision of Beijing City Plan
VI. Major Principals of the Project
Head of the Project Team
Guiding Experts of the Project
VII. Supporting Document
• Budget Statement of the Project (Appendix).
Chinese汉语译成English英语: 专利摘要 General field: 法律/专利 Detailed field: 法律：专利、商标、版权
原文文本 - Chinese汉语 1014566
一种液压、气动或液压－－气动混合设备的流体供给装置，有一个内空腔．空腔中的孔口（１０、１２、１３）分别与压力源、受控装置以及泄流管路相连通．在该腔中可滑动地安装一个分流活门．此分流活门由两个同轴的可各自移动的部分（１４ａ、１４ｂ）构成．借助该活门的控制，三个孔口（１０、１２、１３）决不会同时互相连通．
A liquid supply device of a hydraulic, pneumatic or hydraulic-pneumatic combined equipment is provided with an internal cavity, hole openings (10, 12 and 13) inside which are respectively communicated with a pressure source, a controlled device and a liquid discharging pipeline. A shunt valve is glidingly installed inside the cavity and consists of two coaxial parts (14a and 14b) which can move respectively. The three hole openings (10, 12 and 13) absolutely can not be communicated synchronously by the control of the valve.
1014573
改进的垃圾焚化法是在湿垃圾中导入过热蒸汽，使之与碎细垃圾直接接触并将它干燥，干燥机排出的混合蒸汽仍处过热态．因碎细垃圾表面积大并与过热蒸汽直接接触，可消除热传上的故障，使干燥机设备投资大为降低且操作变得简便．排出的蒸汽在干燥机与过热蒸汽加热器间多次循环，累积量增大可用以加热锅炉给水．进入干燥机前，垃圾经有多孔锥形螺旋推挤器，排出其中不凝结气，以避免蒸汽中含大量不凝结气而对过热蒸汽加热器或锅炉给水加热器造成传热上的不良影响．
An improved garbage incineration method is introducing steam-gas into wet garbage to ensure the steam gas contacts crushed garbage directly and dries the crushed garbage, and mixed steam discharged by a drying machine is still under overheated state. Because the crushed garbage has large surface area and contacts the steam-gas directly, the heat conduction fault can be eliminated, the investment of the drying machine is reduced greatly, and the operation becomes simple and convenient. The discharged steam is cycled a plurality times between the drying machine and a steam-gas heater, and the increase of the cumulation quantity can be used for heating a boiler water supply. Before entering the drying machine, the garbage is processed for a porous cone-shaped spiral broaching device to discharge noncondensing gas thereof, so as to avoid that the steam contains a plurality of noncondensing gas and causes bad influence of heat conduction on the overheated steam heater and a boiler water supply heater.
1014576
本发明的位移测量装置包括带有沿侧位道设置的标记和间隔并确定编码位置的部件；该部件所通过的检测装置，用于从测位道读出标记和间隔；解码逻辑电路，用于接收检测装置的输出信号，根据测位道的检测解码信息得出带位置．
The present invention provides a displacement measurement device, comprising a part which is provided with a mark and an interval arranged along a position detection channel and confirms a coded position. The part passes a detection device which is used for reading the mark and the interval from the position detection channel. A decoding logic circuit is used for accepting an output signal of the detection device and obtains a belt position according to the detection decoding information of the position detection channel.
1014605
一种改进的电－－光器件，该器件包括一块透明基片和在其相对的两个表面上有一对电极的光电导层．在透明电极和光电导层之间的电极是透明的，并且是用氧化锌制成的．后者不会由于光电导层接触而发生还原反应．
An improved electrical-photic device comprises a piece of transplant substrate and a photoconductive layer of a pair of electrodes at two surfaces opposite to the transplant substrate. The electrodes between a transplant electrode and the photoconductive layer are transplant and are made from zinc oxide which can not have reduction reaction because of contacting the photoconductive layer.
1014614
一种小型电动机，它包括一个配有永久磁铁并在一端有一开口的电机外壳；一个由装配到电机外壳开口部上用以固定电刷装置的合成树脂绝缘电刷基座和一块覆盖电刷基座表面的金属构件所组成的盖板．电机外壳有多处通过局部冲裁其开口部边缘而形成的折边部分；使盖板同电机外壳开口部衔接，同时弯折和碾平各折边部分而将盖板装配到外壳．特征在于：所述盖板沿其外围有多处凹向电机轴的凹口部．通过各折边部分与凹口部的束缚作用，把盖板固定地装配到电机外壳上．
A miniature motor comprises a motor crust with a permanent magnet and an opening at one end, a synthetic resin insulating brush base which is equipped at the opening of the motor crust for fixing the brush and a piece of cover plate which covers over the surface of the brush base and consists of a metal component. The motor crust is provided a plurality of hem parts formed by partially punching the edge of the opening; the cover plate is connected with the opening of the motor crust; at the same time, every hem part is bended and grinded flat, and the cover plate is equipped at the crust. The present invention is characterized in that the cover plate is provided with a plurality of notches which are arranged along the edge and are concave towards a motor shaft. The restraint effect of every hem part and notch is used to fixedly equip the cover plate at the motor crust.
1014699
本发明系关于在电气设备中使用的浇注绝缘材料之环氧树酯混合料．该混合料由环氧树酯－－环氧当量２００以下的环状环氧化合物型环氧树酯与分子量约３０，０００的苯氧基树酯的混合物，固化剂－－多元羧酸酐和芳香酯，以及填充剂－－无机物粉末组成．它具有在低温下低粘度、长适用期和在高温下迅速固化的性质，此外耐热性和耐热冲击性兼优，而且也不发生填充剂的沉降．
The present invention relates to an epoxy resin mixture used for casting insulating material in an electric device. The mixture consists of the mixture of the epoxy resin which is the annular epoxy compound type epoxy resin with the epoxy equivalent lower than 200 and the phenoxy resin with the molecular weight about 30,000, curing agent which is polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride and aromatic ester and filling agent which is mineral powder. The present invention has the characters of low viscosity under lower temperature, long application period and being solidified promptly under high temperature, has good heat resistance and thermal impact resistance besides and also does not have the sedimentation of the filling agent.
1014732
本发明的逆流式板型热交换器主要用于热回收领域，其中设有由支承部件作弹性支撑的一批导热的浮动板，使流体在紧接其流入该热交换器的前后，在换热时的流动方向为相互正交．在上述浮动板之间形成有通道，使温度不同的流体在此种通道长向所定的区间内朝相互相反的方向流过，而这种浮动板有效部分的长短边之长度比为２．５：７．各浮动板上设有一批凹座，它们的高度即界定了浮动板间的间隙．恰当地排列这些凹座还可有效地控制流体的流动．
The present invention provides a reflux plate type heat exchanger which is mainly applied to the heat recovery field, wherein a batch of floating boards which are provided with supporting parts as elastic supports are provided to ensure that the liquid flows into the front and the back of the heat exchanger closely following the floating boards, and the flowing direction is mutually orthogonal when exchanging heat. Passages are formed among the floating boards to ensure that the liquid with different temperature flows towards mutually opposite direction within the lengthways fixed interval of the passages, and the length ratio of the long edge and the short edge of the effective parts of the floating boards is 2.5 to 7. Every floating board is provided with a batch of concave bases, the height of which defines the gap between the floating boards. The concave bases are arranged properly, which can effectively control the flow of the liquid.
1014736
一种包括有一个容器的热管，容器中密封有作为工作流体的水，并且容器由能与水反应产生氢气的材料构成．该热管的特征在于其内放有固体氧化剂，将氢气氧化成水，工作流体即水同容器反应产生的氢气被氧化剂氧化成水，在热管的冷凝部分没有气体存在．
A thermal tube comprises a vessel which is sealed with water as working liquid and consists of a material which can react with water to generate hydrogen. The thermal tube is characterized by being provided with solid oxidant inside which oxygenates the hydrogen into the water; the working liquid that is water reacts with the vessel to generate the hydrogen which is oxygenated into the water by the oxidant; no gas exists at a condensing part of the thermal tube.
1014749
本发明是关于一种将汉语的表文字键入以输入汉语的中文键盘．将多个可根据其后输入的韵母的第一文字而加以区别的声母配置于同一键上，根据上述韵母的第一文字，以决定在输入该韵母之前所输入的多个声母的其中之一个声母．具有不需上下段的变位机能就能键入不同声母的效果，同时也可以减少键的数目．
The present invention relates to a Chinese keyboard which keys in Chinese characters for inputting Chinese. A plurality of initial consonants which are distinguished according to a first letter of a final which is input subsequently are allocated at one same key. One initial consonant of a plurality of initial consonants which is input before the final is input is decided by the first letter of the final. The present invention has the effect that different initial consonants can be input without an upper and lower section displacement function, and the quantity of the keys can be reduced.
1014753
本发明揭示一种扁平电缆连接构造，它具备与连接器本体成为一体、排列有多根连接器销的印刷布线板，设置在扁平电缆的连接端部上至少贯穿一条印刷布线形成部，用以插入连接器销完成电气或机械连接的小孔，分别使未设置此小孔之印刷布线连接；且面临扁平电缆的连接端部的电缆茎材边缘部的印刷布线连接部，印刷在印刷配线板上，用以连接这些各印刷布线连接部和与此对应的连接器销的导电部．
The present invention discloses a flat cable connection structure which is provided with a printing wiring board which is integrated as a whole with a connector body and is provided with a plurality of connector pins, at least a piece of printing wiring forming part which is arranged through a connection end part arranged at the flat cable and pores used for inserting the connector pins to achieve the electric or mechanical connection. The printing wires which are not provided with the pores are connected. Printing wiring connection parts which are faced with a cable stem material edge part of the connection end part of the flat cable are printed at the printing wiring board and used for linking every printing wiring connection parts with the opposite conductive parts of the connector pins.
1014754
本发明的直流圆筒形线圈，在将吸引插棒式铁心的吸引线圈的一部分磁通消减的方向上发生磁通的反励磁线圈绕装在上述吸引线圈的绕线管上，在上述反励磁线圈上串联了正特性热敏电阻后，把它与上述吸引线圈并联．根据本发明，通过由于反励磁线圈与正特性热敏电阻对插棒式铁心的吸引力的抑制作用，使插棒式铁心的吸引速度慢化，从而减低了插棒式铁心吸着时的动作音及冲击力，提供只用电气部件、结构紧凑、低噪声、低冲击型的直流圆筒形线圈．
The present invention provides a direct current cylinder-shaped coil. An anti-excitation coil which has magnetic flux at the direction of one part magnetic flux decrease of an attraction coil which attracts a stick inserting type magnet core is equipped at a bobbin of the attraction coil. After the anti-excitation coil is in series connection with a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the anti-excitation coil is in parallel connection with the attraction coil. According to the present invention, the inhibition effect of the anti-excitation coil and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor towards the attraction of the stick inserting type magnet core ensures that the attraction speed of the stick inserting type magnet core becomes slowly, so as to reduce the action sound and impact force of the stick inserting type magnet core and provides the direct current cylinder-shaped coil which only applies electric components and has compact structure, low noise and low impact.
1014774
本机构有一个要被引进到骨架内部里去的坚硬的长形主体，它包括（１３，１４）两部分．其中之一相对另一部分能轴向移动．每一部分在骨架内部装有紧固装置．各种动作的操纵方法如下：主体被引进骨架里之后，两部分（１３，１４）之一回收到另一部分之中，首先进行两部分之一在骨架内的定位，启动其紧固装置（１５～２０，２４），然后是另一部分相对这部分的轴向移动，直到在骨架内实现其正确定位．最后启动这第二部分的紧固装置（２４，１５～２０）．本设备用于动物的屠宰加工．
A mechanism is provided with a rigid long main body to be introduced into the inside of a framework and comprises two parts (13 and 14), wherein, one part can axially move towards the other part. Each part is provided with a fastening device inside the framework. The operation method of every action is as follows: after the main body is introduced into the framework, one of the two parts (13 and 14) is returned into the other part; firstly, one of the two parts is positioned inside the framework; the fastening device (15~20 and 24) of the part is started; then, the other part moves axially towards the part till realizing the correct positioning inside the framework; finally, the fastening device (24 and 15~20) of the second part is started. The device is used for butchering and processing animals.
1014794
一种卷边加工方法，它包括预弯曲工序和卷边工序．在预弯曲工序中，利用预弯曲冲头将外壁板的边缘部弯曲为近似直角，而同时利用此冲头内侧变上的突出部沿边缘部按预定的弯曲线加工出薄壁部．在卷边工序中，进一步加压于近似直角的外壁板边缘部，由于上述薄壁部的相对脆弱性，在外侧壁被弯曲为其截面成Ｕ字形的同时，还使置于弯曲部内部的内壁板的边缘部被包覆夹压．
A flanging processing method comprises a pre-bending working procedure and a flanging working procedure. In the pre-bending working procedure, a pre-bending punch is used for bending an edge part of an external wall board as a right angle almost, and at the same time, a protrudent part at the internal side of the punch is used for processing a thin wall part along the edge part according to the preset bending line. In the flanging working procedure, the almost right angle edge part of the external wall board is pressed further; because of the corresponding frangibility of the thin wall part, when the section of external wall is bended as U-shaped, the edge part of an internal wall part inside a bending part is covered and pressed.
1014904
公开了一种变速扬水发电装置，该装置包括有一个变速电动发电机、一个连接在电动发电机与一个电力系统之间的变频装置、和一个由该电动发电机驱动或驱动该电动发电机的泵／水轮机．其中，控制电动发电机的速度以获得根据输出功率指令决定的最佳速度，同时又控制导向叶片的开度以获得根据输出功率指令决定的最佳开度．
The present invention discloses a variable speed water-raising generating set which comprises a variable speed motor generator, a frequency conversion device which is linked between the motor generator and an electric power system and a pump or hydraulic turbine which is driven by the motor generator or drives the motor generator, wherein, the speed of the motor generator is controlled to obtain the best speed decided by the output power instruction, at the same time, the opening degree of a guide vane is controlled also to obtain the best opening degree decided by the output power instruction.
1014934
本发明为粒子的快速成粒方法和设备以及所得到的产品．包括将要成粒的易熔的或难熔的粉状材料以及易熔的粘结剂送到转动的盘形或钵形散布器装置的表面上．至少将部分材料加热到进料中可熔组分的熔点或其以上的温度，在那里控制进料速率，加到散布器的能量输入和散布器的转速，从散布器表面的进料可熔部分可形成一液相组分层，从边缘那里分散粒子群到低于熔化温度的空气中去，在较冷的空气中形成成粒产品．
The present invention provides a fast granulating method of particles, an equipment and an obtained product, comprising sending fusible or infusible powdery material for granulating and fusible bond into the surface of a rotating disk-shaped or bowl-shaped dispersion device. The partial material is heated up to or above the temperature of the melting point of fusible components in the materials; the feeding speed, the energy input into the dispersion device and the rotate speed of the dispersion device are control; a liquid phase component layer can be formed at a feeding fusible part at the surface of the dispersion device; particles group is dispersed into the air with the temperature lower than the melting temperature from the edge to form a granulated product in the cool air.
1014970
该化合物可从相应的单环和双环组分通过Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应，以及随后的任选的取代基转化而制得．这类化合物具有治疗活性，如抗肿瘤作用．
A compound can be prepared from the Wittig reaction of corresponding single ring and double ring components and the succedent optional substituent group transformation. The compound has remedial activity, such as the anticancer effect.
1014988
本发明提供了新的细胞生长调节组合物．该组合物可从白细胞中得到，例如人外周血液淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬｓ）或用一个或一个以上的诱导物培养的人组织细胞淋巴瘤系．自然存在的肽可通过仔细纯化上述细胞的条件培养基得到，并证明对某些细胞系具有选择抑制活性和对其它一些细胞系具有选择性刺激活性，多肽可从培养的ＰＢＬｓ的或人组织淋巴瘤细胞系的条件培养基中分离出来，也可以合成，或可以通过基因克隆在一个合适的宿主里制备．本发明还提供了变体和片段．
The present invention provides a novel cell growth adjustment combination which can be obtained form leukocytes, such as human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) or a human histiocyte lymphoma system which is cultured by one or more than one inducers. Naturally existent peptide can be obtained by carefully purifying a condition culture medium of the cells and is approved having selective inhibition activity to certain cell systems and having selective stimulation activity to certain other cell systems; polypeptide can be separated from the condition culture mediums of the cultured PBLs or human histiocyte lymphoma system, can also be synthesized or prepared inside a proper host by gene clone. The present invention also provides a variety and a segment.
1015008
本发明能通过开关把在使仝空气调节机时的使用者的＂热＂，＂冷＂等冷热感觉进行输入，并根据输入的情报，自动地改变能使吹出空气可变的要素中的至少一种，从而迅速地将室温改变到合乎使用者的身体情况的舒适温度以上以去除使用者的不舒适感．
The present invention is capable of using a switch to input the cool and hot feeling of hot, cold etc. of the user when an air conditioner is used and can automatically change at least one of the changeable factors of the blowing air according to the input information and accordingly change the room temperature into the comfortable temperature fit for the body condition of the user and eliminate the uncomfortable feeling of the user.
1015014
本组合是一种连续流油墨喷射印刷机，有喷嘴喷出加压导电油墨流沿定迹射向记录表面，有选择地偏转或遮断装置阻止所选部分油墨到达记录表面印刷区，有低或地电位油墨雾遮罩靠近记录表面，有通电装置向记录表面通电建立高压电场将油墨粒子驱向遮雾罩．本方法用于上述连续流油墨喷射印刷机以减少碰撞产生的油雾墨．步骤为从喷嘴喷出导电油墨连续流到记录表面，有选择地偏转或遮断部分油墨流，通电到记录表面形成电场将油墨粒子驱向遮雾罩．
A combination is a continuous flow ink jet printing machine. A nozzle jets out pressure-increase conductive ink to spray toward a record surface along certain trace. A selective deflexion or shutoff device prevents the selected partial ink from arriving at a printing area of the record surface. A lower or ground potential ink mist shield cover is close to the record surface. An electrifying device electrifies towards the record surface to establish a high voltage electric field to drive ink particles to the mist shield cover. The method is used in the continuous flow ink jet printing machine to reduce the ink mist caused by bumping. The steps are jetting out conductive ink continuous flow to the record surface by the nozzle, selectively deflexing or shutting out partial ink flow and electrifying to the record surface to form the electric field to drive the ink particles to the mist shield cover.
1015023
一种摄影机，包括：外壳，镜头座，胶片暗盒，快门和用于驱动快门和胶片的驱动马达．摄影机可以水平地侧装入较大容量的胶片暗盒．镜头可从正面更换而摄影机不需再次调焦．胶片暗盒和摄影机有用于在相对镜头座的预定位置装入暗盒的啮合导向装置，暗盒有用于使胶片通过胶片靠板的内驱动装置．该靠板可在工厂调整以固定摄影机的正确焦点，因而在更换胶片暗盒和镜头时不需要现场再次调焦．
A video camera comprises a crust, a lens base, a film cassette, a shutter and a driving motor for driving the shutter and the film. The video camera can be flatly encased with the film cassette with large volume from the lateral side. Lens can be changed from front, and the video camera does not need focused again. The film cassette and the video camera are provided with a mesh guide device used for encasing the cassette at a preset position opposite to the lens base, and the cassette is provided with an internal driving device used for ensuring that the film passes a film abutment plate which can adjust and fix an exact focus of the video camera at the factory, so when the film cassette and the lens are changed, the video camera does not need focused again at field.
1015032
本发明是通过逻辑运算装置来对输入存储装置的任意的重放时间与由时间计测装置计测的从光学磁盘开始重放的时间进行比较，使光学磁盘进行重放工作至两个时间一致为止，以至能仅在使用者所需的任意时间内进行光学磁盘重放的光学磁盘重放装置．通过由显示装置显示重放中两个时间的时间差，而显示出至使用者输入的任意的重放时间为止的剩余时间，在把光学磁盘的重放信号记录在定长的磁带等时非常方便，同时对光学磁盘的重放经过一目了然，使用更加方便．
The present invention provides an optical disk playback device which uses a logic calculation device to contrast any playback time input into a storage device and the time which is measured by a time measurement device since an optical disk starting playback to ensure that the optical disk does the playback work until two times are consistent, so as to process the playback within any time required by the user. A display device displays the time difference between two times during the playback and displays the rest time till any playback time input by the user, which is very convenient, when a playback signal of the optical disk is recorded at a certain long tape etc., at the same time the playback process of the optical disk is clear at a glance, and the use is more convenient.
1015077
一种磁带盘，通过注射成型法制造一个磁带盘部件．磁带盘部件包括一个磁带盘侧板，一个带盖圆筒使侧板中心设有开口端，一个磁带芯围绕带盖圆筒的外缘，在带盖圆筒顶板上设有一个突出部分作为旋转中心，并有若干嵌接凸台．注入树脂形成在顶板上的一个浇口部分，其位置在嵌接凸台以外的地方，或在相应的附近位置．
The present invention relates to a tape disk and provides a tape disk component which is manufactured by injection molding method. The tape disk component comprises a tape disk lateral plate, a cylinder with a cover to provide the center of the lateral plate with an opening end and a tape disk core around the outer edge of the cylinder with the cover. A top plate of the cylinder with the cover is provided with a protrudent part as a rotating center and a plurality of rabbet protrudent platforms. Resin is injected to form a pouring opening part at the top plate which is arranged at the place except the rabbet protrudent platforms or at the corresponding nearby position.
1015078
回转挤出机包括机壳（２２）、机壳的内腔（２９）、装于机壳内腔中可旋转的圆柱形转子（３０）、喂料口（２５）、供内腔及口模（２６）之间流通的出料口（５２）．口模与齿轮泵（１６０）结合以相应增大从出料口来的物料的压力．还公开了滚花的转子（３０），下部切口的喂料口（２５），分段的旋转轴（１８，１８＇）和用不同金属制成的推力环（１０９，１０９＇）以及机壳中圆周分布的加热元件．
A rotary extruder comprises a casing (22), an inner cavity of the casing (29), a rotary columnar rotor (30) which is installed inside the casing inner cavity, a feeding opening (25) and a material discharging opening (52) for the inner cavity to be communicated with a neck ring mold (26). The neck ring mold is combined with a gear pump (160) to correspondingly increase the pressure of the material sent out from the material discharging opening. The present invention also discloses a knurling rotor (30), a feeding opening (25) with a cut at the downside, sectional rotary shafts (18 and 18’), push rings (109 and 109’) made from different metal and a heating element distributed circularly inside the casing.
1015082
本汽车门的特征是是在门外壁板（２１）与门内壁板（２２）之间的空间（Ｓ）内装设冲击梁（４），同时，在该冲击梁（４）上，作成往其长度方向延伸的加强肋（５），并在此加强肋（５）内作成往其长度方向延伸的沟状凹腔（６），再在此凹腔（６）内，装填并固定增强管（７）．这样，在上述空间（Ｓ）内，不会使冲击梁的占有体积增加，并可增加撞击梁的刚性强度．
An automobile door is characterized in that a shock beam (4) is installed inside the space (S) between an outer door wall board (21) and an inner door wall board (22); at the same time, a reinforcement rib (5) is extended along the lengthways direction at the shock beam (4); the inside of the reinforcement rib (5) is provided with a channel-shaped concave cavity (6) extending along the lengthways direction; a reinforcement pipe is filled and fixed inside the concave cavity (6). Thus, the size of the shock beam can not be increased inside the space (S), and the rigid intensity of the shock beam can be increased.
1015090
本发明涉及具有一种骨架结构的结晶镓磷酸盐组合物及其制备方法．其化学组成可用氧化物摩尔比表示为（Ⅰ）式．ｍＲ：Ｇａ－［２］Ｏ－［３］３：１．０±０．２Ｐ－［２］Ｏ－［５］（Ⅰ）式中＂Ｒ＂代表存在于晶体内微孔网系中的至少一种有机模板剂，ｍ为０．０２至０．３的值并代表＂Ｒ＂的摩尔；本发明的组合物是一类新型的分子筛型吸附剂，可作为催化剂或催化剂载体用于烃类的转化反应．
The present invention relates to a crystal gallium phosphate combination with a framework structure and a preparation method thereof. The chemical composition can be expressed by the oxide mol ratio as a formula (I). In the formula mR:Ga-[2]O-[3]3:1.0 plus or minus 0.2P-[2]O-[5] (I), R means stands for at least one kind of organic templet existing in a micropore net inside a crystal; m is the value from 0.02 to 0.3 and also stands for the mol of R. The combination of the present invention is a novel molecular sieve type sorbent and can be used as catalyst or a catalyst carrier to be used the hydrocarbon conversion reaction.
1015176
本发明创造有关磁带驱动装置的卷盘承受装置．具备其基端固定中间设有小直径部的轴，安装于该轴上的卷盘承受基体，与承受基体成为一体的卷盘驱动凸片，嵌入轴小直径部、为防止基体脱落的构件，通过基体将动力传到卷盘驱动凸片的磁带卷盘承受装置．使用软性材料作成的筒状构件作为防止脱落构件．在卷盘驱动凸片上端部设置用来嵌合轴顶端部的轴承凹部．
The present invention creates a reel bearing device relating to a tape driving device, which is provided with a shaft with a small diameter part at the middle and a basal end of the shaft is fixed. The present invention is also provided with a reel bearing base body installed at the shaft, a reel driving protrudent plate integrated with the bearing base body as a whole, a small diameter part of an embedded shaft and a component for preventing the base body from falling down. The tape reel bearing device conveys the power to the reel driving protrudent plate through the base body. A soft material is used to make a cylinder-shaped component as the component for preventing from falling down. A bearing concave part used for embedding a shaft top part is arranged at the upper end of the reel driving protrudent plate.
1015275
一种煤的气化炉的气化方法及其装置．该方法是，喷出煤和氧化剂，使其沿气化室的圆周方向形成旋流，使煤和氧化剂接触并进行反应，生成可燃性气体，同时使煤中的灰分熔化而形成渣状物，通过渣槽流入炉渣冷却室．由于旋流作用而产生了压力差，即从气化室的壁到中心部位压力逐渐降低．这种压力差形成一个循环系统：把一部分可燃性气体从气化室导向煤渣冷却室，再返回气化室．利用这种循环的可燃性气体来加热渣槽．
The present invention provides a gasification method of a coal gasifying furnace and a device thereof. The method is that coal and oxidant are sprayed out to form swirling flow along the circumferential direction of a gasifying chamber; the coal is contacted with the oxidant to react and generate flammable gas; at the same time, ash in the coal is melted to form a slag-shaped substance to flow into a coal slag cooling chamber through a slag slot. The pressure difference is produced because of the swirling flow action that the pressure is gradually decreased from the wall of the gasifying chamber to the central part. The pressure difference forms a cycle system, which is that partial flammable gas is introduced into the coal slag cooling chamber from the gasifying chamber and than is returned to the gasifying chamber. The circular flammable gas is used for heating the slag slot.
1015305
一种气密旋转式压缩机，包括有一个垂直的圆柱形气密外壳；一个有空心圆柱形定子的电动机，其定子的圆柱形外表面固定在上述外壳的里面并有向下凸出来的下线圈端；一个装在上述外壳内的下线圈端下面并由上述电动机驱动的具有一个圆盘状气缸体的致冷压缩装置，其圆柱形外表面固定在上述圆柱形外壳的里面；一个贯穿并固定于上述外壳给上述电动机输电的接线柱，它安装在上述气缸体和上述定子之间并面对上述下线圈端的一个外圆周表面．
An airtight rotary compressor comprises a vertical columnar airtight crust, a motor with a hollow columnar stator, the columnar outer surface of which is fixed inside the crust and is provided with a downwards protrudent lower winding end, a refrigeration compress device which is installed under the lower winding end inside the crust, is driven by the motor and is provided with a disk-shaped cylinder body, the columnar outer surface of the refrigeration compress device is fixed inside the columnar crust and a wiring post which is put through and fixed at the crust to transmit electricity to the motor and is installed between the cylinder and the stator and opposite to an outer circle surface of the lower winding end.
1015306
本发明涉及涡卷式电动压缩机．其压缩机构包括固定涡卷叶片部件，旋转涡卷叶片部件，曲轴，轴承部件，自转约束部件，止推轴承，及装在固定涡卷叶片部件和轴承部件之间的分隔框体部件．该分隔框体部件隔装在分割为上下的密闭容器的开口端之间，并在其相隔部分的全周进行焊接．故能抑制固定涡卷叶片部件、轴承部件和分隔框体部件的热变形，且分隔框体部件的形状简单，组装精度能保持在设定范围内．可实现适于大量生产的高效率的电动压缩机．
The present invention relates to a scroll type electric compressor, a compress mechanism of which comprises a fixed scroll vane component, a rotary scroll vane component, a crank, a bearing component, a rotation restriction component, a thrust bearing and a separate casing body component installed between the fixed scroll vane component and the bearing component. The separate casing body component is separately installed between opening ends separated as upper and lower closed vessels, and whole circle of the separation part is welded, so the thermal deformation of the fixed scroll vane component, the bearing component and the separate casing body component can be controlled, the shape of the separate casing body component is simple, and the assembly precision can be kept within the preset range, which can realize an efficient electric compressor applied to the mass production.
1015376
本发明中的加速调节装置，在液压回路的压力低于溢流压力时，差动齿轮机构的第２输出端固定不动．因此，输入到差动齿轮机构输入端的操作位移量原封不动地从第１输出端传递到原动机的燃料控制端．当加速操作量过大，原动机的输出增大，液压回路的压力超过溢流压时，上述第２输出端的位置移动，使第１输出端的输出位移量减小．
The present invention provides an accelerating adjustment device. When the pressure of a hydraulic pressure loop is lower than the overfall pressure, a second output end of a differential gear mechanism is immobilized, so the operation displacement quantity input into an input end of the differential gear mechanism is conveyed to a fuel control end of a prime mover from a first output end unchangeably. When the accelerating operation quantity is over large, the output of the prime mover is increased, and the pressure of the hydraulic pressure loop is more than the overfall pressure, the displacement of the second output end reduces the output displacement quantity of the first output end.
1015380
用于传送机链条不受磨粒过度磨损的保护装置，链条有许多个相互连接的链节，该装置由一个支撑保护装置用的底板和具有一定间隔相互平行的两个侧面板构成．该侧面板垂直地安装在底板上，其间隔距离要大于传送机链条的宽度．磨损板安装在两侧面板的上面，盖板安装在磨损板的上面，其上带有一个伸出部分，通过螺栓将链条紧固在盖板上，使链条与周围的保护板装置脱离接触，以便大大减少传送机链条的任何磨损．
A protection device is used for preventing a conveyer chain from the excessive abrasion of wear particles. The chain is provided with a plurality of mutually linked chain links. The device consists of a soleplate used for supporting the protection device and two mutually parallel lateral boards with certain interval. The lateral boards are vertically arranged at the soleplate, and the interval space thereof can be larger than the width of the conveyer chain. Abrasion boards are installed on the two lateral boards. Cover plates are installed on the abrasion boards, the upsides of which are provided with a protrudent part. The chain is fastened at the cover plates by bolts to ensure that the chain is deviated from contacting a surrounding protection board device, so as to reduce any abrasion of the conveyer chain greatly.
1015400
本发明涉及一种由通式［１］：所表示的安息香酸衍生物及其药理学上所允许的盐以及它们的制造方法．这种新型的安息香酸衍生物及其药理学上所允许的盐能降低血中脂质，在治疗和预防高脂血症及动脉硬化症方面十分有用．
The present invention relates to a benzoic acid derivative shown by a general formula [1], pharmacologically allowed slats thereof and manufacturing methods thereof. The novel benzoic acid derivative and the pharmacologically allowed slats thereof can reduce lipid in blood and are very useful at the aspect of remedying and preventing hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
1015455
一种磁带盘通过将一个磁带盘部件注射成型生产出来．这个磁带盘部件包括一个磁带盘侧板，一个带盖圆筒这样来布置使侧板中心配备一个端部开口，一个磁带芯围绕带盖圆筒的外周，一个突出部分设置在带盖圆筒顶板上作为旋转中心，并有若干个嵌接凸台，有一个浇口部分在由磁带盘中心和磁带芯上的制动件座两个端头之间的连接线及其延长线所界定的、并由内圆筒的外周围着的区域中（图１及２的斜线部分），树脂通过该浇口部分注射成型．
A tape disk is produced by injecting and molding a tape disk component. The tape disk component comprises a tape disk lateral plate, a cylinder with a cover to providing the lateral plate center with an end part opening, a tape core around the outer edge of the cylinder with the cover, a protrudent part which is arranged at a top plate of the cylinder with the cover as a rotating center and a plurality of embedding protrudent platforms. A gate part is arranged in an area which is defined by a connection line between the tape disk center and the two ends of a braking piece base at the tape core and an extension line of the connection line and is surrounded by the outer edge of an inner cylinder (the diagonal parts in diagrams 1 and 2). Resin are injected and molded from the gate part.
1015459
本发明关于一种放电灯装置，包括一灯管及置于该灯管内的阴极，该阴极由一价补偿半导体陶瓷材料、或一强制还原半导体陶瓷材料、或一价补偿且强制还原的半导体陶瓷材料所制成．由于阴极不包含一电子放射材料，而使用一半导体陶瓷材料．因此阴极不产生蒸气，或阴极不与填入于灯管内的水银蒸气反应．因此，此放电灯装置具有改良之特性例如象耐热性、耐化学性及放电特性．由于用作阴极的半导体陶瓷材料价廉，因此放电灯装置较为便宜．
The present invention relates to a discharge lamp device, comprising a strip lamp and a cathode arranged inside the strip lamp. The cathode is made from a ceramic material of one-valence compensation semiconductor or a ceramic material of compulsory reduction semiconductor or a ceramic material of one-valence compensation and compulsory reduction semiconductor. The cathode does not comprises electronically emitting material and uses a half semiconductor ceramic material, so the cathode does not produce steam, or the cathode does not react with the mercury and steam filled in the strip lamp, therefore, the discharge lamp device has the improved characteristics, such as heat resistance, chemical resistance and discharge characteristic. Because the semiconductor ceramic material as the cathode is cheap, the discharge lamp device is cheap.
1015463
本发明涉及调幅立体声接收机的可控混合，通过检测同相信号作为过调制的证据．当达到第一个预定的过调制电平时，就逐渐减小用来消除接收信号中的余弦因子的校正信号，直至最终完全取消．当过调制超出第二个电平时，（Ｌ－Ｒ）信号也被逐渐减小．在极端情况下，（Ｌ－Ｒ）信号被完全消除掉，只留下未经校正的单声道信号．这个过程是以最不易为听众察觉的方式进行的．当接收信号质量改善时，这个过程就又以最不易为听众察觉的方式反向地执行．
The present invention relates to a controllable mixture of an amplitude modulation stereo receiver, which considers the same phase signal detection as the proof of the overmodulation. When a first preset overmodulation electrical level is achieved, a correcting signal used for eliminating a cosine factor in a receiving signal is reduced gradually until being canceled completely. When the modulation is more than a second electrical level, a (L-R) signal is reduced gradually too. Under the extreme condition, the (L-R) signal is eliminated completely, and only an uncorrected single track signal is reserved. The course is processed by the manner which is not perceived by the audience most easily. When the quality of the receiving signal is improved, the course is carried out reversely by the manner which is not perceived by the audience most easily.
1015488
本发明公开了一种清除由割炬切割而在坯料的下表面上形成的毛刺埂的设备和方法．在一个实施例中，该设备有一块刀片，两边有两条长切刃．将刀片置于坯料通路的下方并能转动，当刀片处于倾斜位置时，切刃便能与坯料带毛刺的下表面接触并将其清除掉．在另一个实施例中，该设备有一个坯料支承台，使坯料作纵向和横向运动的移动装置，在支承台侧面排成一列的刀片和位于支承台端部的刀片．工作时．坯料在平面上作纵向和横向的移动，即能用切刃清除沿坯料的两端和两侧的毛刺埂．
The present invention discloses an equipment and a method for eliminating burr barriers which are cut down by a cutting torch and formed at the lower surface of blank material. In an embodiment, the equipment is provided with a piece of blade, two sides of which are provided with two pieces of long cutting blades. The blade is arranged under a blank material passageway and can rotate. When the blade is at the incline position, the cutting blades can contact the lower surface of the blank material with burrs and eliminate the burrs. In the other embodiment, the equipment is provided with a blank material support platform, a movement device which ensures that the blank material motions lengthways and transversely, blades which are arranged as a line at the lateral side of the support platform and the blade which is arranged at an end part of the support platform. When the equipment works, the blank material moves lengthways and transversely at the plane and can eliminate the burr barriers along two ends and two sides of the blank material by the cutting blades.
1015493
一种由两片或更多片层积并集成的薄板制成的层压材料，其中每片薄板具有多根沿其连续长度被压缩的茎秆，将压缩茎秆彼此平行地排列以形成一薄板，同时还公开了一种生产这种层压材料的方法．本发明的层压材料，能有效地用于隔热材料、吸音材料、建筑材料、家具材料和陈列材料．
A laminated material is made from two pieces or more pieces of thin plates which are laminated and integrated, wherein, each thin plate is provided with a plurality of stems which are compressed along the continuous length of the thin plate; the compressed stems are arranged as being parallel to each other to form a thin plate. The present invention also discloses a method for producing the laminated material at the same time. The laminated material of the present invention can be applied to heat insulation material, sound absorption material, construction material, furniture material and exhibit material effectively.
1015536
本发明涉及烃类加氢处理的催化剂及其应用．该催化剂包括：由耐火无机氧化物制成的载体，和处于游离或结合状态的钼（０．５－３０％）、镍（０．５－１０％）等．通过喇曼微探头研究这些催化剂所得的光谱是由频率在９００～９３０厘米＋［１］之间的光谱线所构成：（１）至多４０％光谱线的频率在９００～９３０厘米＋［１］范围内；（２）至少３０％光谱线的频率在９３０～９５５厘米－＋［１］范围内；（３）至多４０％光谱线的频率在９５５～１０２０厘米－＋［１］范围内．
The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon hydrogenation disposed catalyst and an application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier made from fireproof inorganic oxide, molybdenum (0.5 percent to 30 percent) and nickel (0.5 percent and 10 percent) under dissociation or combination state etc. probe is used to study on the spectrum which is obtained from the catalyst and consists of the spectral lines with the frequency between 900 to 930 centimeters plus [1]: (1) at most 40 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 900 to 930 centimeters plus [1]; at least 30 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 930 to 955 centimeters plus or minus [1]; (3) at most 40 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 955 to 1020 centimeters plus or minus [1].
1015538
本发明涉及一种引火物和制作引火物的方法．引火物包括包封５，包封５内装有木块或木炭块，木块或木炭块被浸入热石蜡槽中而包复有石蜡．包封由带有聚乙烯或聚丙烯衬层的纤维素层构成，因而包封５可用热熔合方法来封闭．在引火物用于家用炉火情况，可燃物是一种含树脂的木头和白木的混合物，该混合物在至少１２０℃的温度下可被石蜡包覆．在引火物用于烤架的情况下，可燃物是至少含８２％固化碳的木炭，将该木炭浸入温度为１００℃至１８０℃的石蜡槽中１至２秒钟，则可被厨用石蜡包覆．
The present invention relates to a kindling and a method for manufacturing the kindling. The kindling comprises an envelopment (5), the inside of which is packed with a wood block or a charcoal block which is dipped in a thermal olefin slot to be coated with olefin. The envelopment consists of a cellulose layer with a polythene or polypropylene underlayer, so the envelopment (5) can be closed by the thermal fusion method. Under the circumstance that the kindling is used in the household ingle, a fuel is a mixture of wood and whitewood, which contains resin and can be coated by the olefin under the temperature of 120 DEG C at least. Under the circumstance that the kindling is used in a gridiron, the fuel is the charcoal which contains at least 82 percent of solidified carbon and can be coated by kitchen olefin after being dipped in the olefin slot with the temperature between 100 DEG C and 180 DEG C for one to two seconds.
1015589
本发明的文字处理装置备有在字符代码的第一特定位上写入表示字符组的分隔的分隔信息、于第二特定位上写入等一个地址是否存储了复数字符代码的重迭信息．用由此而构成的字符代码登记了特定的异体字群的辞典存储器．将上述辞典中的变形的字符代码调出，检出该字符代码的第一、第二特定位，将它复原为原来的字符代码体系的复原装置．由于本发明将分隔信息及重迭信息等包括在文字代码中来存储，所以可压缩信息量，有效地利用辞典存储器．
The present invention provides a character disposal device which is provided with separation information which writes the separation standing for a character group in a first specific bit of a character code and overlapping information which writes the content whether a first address stores a plural character cod in a second specific bit. A dictionary memorizer uses the character code with the structure to register a specific variant character group. A recovery device sends the transformed character code in the dictionary out, detects the first specific bit and the second specific bit of the character code and recovers the character code as a former character code system. The present invention includes the separation information, the overlapping information etc. in the character code for storing, so the information quantity can be compressed, and the dictionary memorizer can be used effectively.
1015591
本发明特别有关成为高压电极的中心导体和接地屏蔽间具有中间屏蔽的气体护套．本发明气体护套的中间屏蔽成为在接地屏蔽前端近傍设置它的小直径部分，然后用圆锥部分使其两端扩大而成为带阶梯的圆柱筒状，取得不扩大气体护套用瓷管尺寸，而能确保接地屏蔽和中间屏蔽间的绝缘距离，从而使内部电场缓和，耐电压性能大幅度提高的效果．
The present invention especially relates to a gas jacket which becomes a central conductor of a high voltage electrode and is provided with a middle shield between the gas jacket and a grounding shield. The middle shield of the gas jacket of the present invention becomes a small diameter part which is arranged near the front of the grounding shield, then a taper part is used for widening two ends of the small diameter part to be the cylinder shape with a ladder to obtain the size of a ceramic tube used for not widening the gas jacket, which can ensure the insulating distance between the grounding shield and the middle shield, accordingly relaxes an internal electrical field and achieves the effect of improving the voltage resistance greatly.
1015594
本发明涉及彩色显像管．在具有以共同的电子透境，对多束电子束进行加速，聚焦的电子枪的彩色显像管中，这些电子束互相不交叉地射入共用电子透境并被聚焦．电子束在通过透境时，电子束相互间的间隔被缩小，通过透境后，再通过修正装置被纠正．
The present invention relates to a color kinescope. Inside the color kinescope which is provided with a common electronic lens which used for accelerating a plurality of bundles of electron beams and a focused electron gun, the electron beams are emitted into the common electronic lens to be focused while not being crossed mutually. When the electron beams pass the lens, the mutual interval among the electron beams is reduced; after the electron beams pass the lens, the intervals are corrected by a correction device.
1015597
一种配有调速器的微型电动机包括一个电动机外壳，一个罩盖和一个振动衰减及隔离机件；外壳的一个端面是封闭的，并且有一个电动机轴孔，外壳的另一个端面是敞口的；罩盖覆盖住电动机外壳的敞口端面，并在一个预定位置上有一个电阻调节孔；振动衰减及隔离机件具有调速器用的电阻调节槽口，并且适合于在被定位得使电阻调节槽中的一个与罩盖上的电阻调节孔相配合时安装到罩盖上，其中振动衰减及隔离机件的预定圆周位置上配置有多个电阻调节槽口．
A miniature electromotor with a speed governor comprises an electromotor crust, a cover and a vibration damping and separating element. One end face of the crust is closed and is provided with an electromotor shaft hole. The other end face of the crust is open. The cover covers the open end face of the electromotor crust and is provided with a resistance adjustment hole at a preset position. The vibration damping and separating element is provided with resistance adjustment slots used for the speed governor and is fit for being installed at the cover when one of the positioned resistance adjustment slots matches with the resistance adjustment hole at the cover, wherein, the preset circle position of the vibration damping and separating element is provided with a plurality of resistance adjustment slots.
1015642
本发明是由（Ａ）聚二醇单（甲基）丙烯酸酯（盐）系单体０．１～７摩尔％，（Ｂ）磺烷基（甲基）丙烯酸酯（盐）系单体５～９４．９％摩尔％，（Ｃ）不饱和羧酸系单体５～９４．９％摩尔％和（Ｄ）其他单体０～２０摩尔％（但是，这些总计为１００摩尔％）做单体组分聚合而得到平均分子量为１０００～５０万的水溶性共聚物和／或由它们的盐所构成的碳质固体—水浆用分散剂，和按每１００份重量碳质固体配合０．０１～５份重量分散剂而构成的碳质固体—水浆组合物。
The present invention provides a water soluble copolymer with the average molecular weight of 10 million to 500 thousand, which polymerized by 0.1 to 7 mol percent of polyglycol single (methyl) acrylate monomer (A), 5 to 94.9 mol percent of sulfur-alkyl (methyl) acrylate monomer (B), 5 to 94.9 mol percent of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (C) and 0 to 20 mol percent of other monomers (D) (the total quantity of which is 100 mol percent) as monomer components, or a carbonic solid of dispersant used for water slurry, which consists of the salts of the monomer components. The present invention also provides a carbonic solid of water slurry combination which is formed by 100 weight portions of the carbonic solid matching with 0.01 to 5 weight portions of the dispersant.
1015769
提取油和脂的方法。对油籽进行碾压，破碎，把这些油籽置于带有混合器的容器中与溶剂作用，在溶剂存在的条件下对这些油籽进行超起波处理，用溶剂洗涤油籽，溶剂以逆流方式循环，分离溶剂和油，排出脱油后的油渣。本发明的设备包括：机械加工装置，密封进料口，带有混合器的提取容器，超声波处理装置，溶液供应系统，洗涤装置，溶液抽吸系统和油渣排出装置。优点：油质优良，不产生有毒物质，易于粒炼，不需漂洗，易于中和。
A method for extracting oil and grease is that oil seeds are grinded and crushed to be put in a vessel with a mixing machine to react with solvent; under the condition that the solvent exists, the oil seeds are processed for the ultrasonic treatment, the oil seeds are washed by the solvent, and the solvent cycles by the mode of countercurrent to separate the solvent and the oil and discharge oil residues after deoiling. The present invention comprises the equipments of a mechanical processing device, a sealed feeding opening, the vessel with the mixing machine; an ultrasonic treatment device, a solution supply system, a washing device, a solution pumping system and an oil residue discharging device. The present invention has the advantage of good oil quality, not producing poisonous substance, being easy for particle smelting and neutralization and not requiring rinsing.
1015794
一种气体冷却塔，由在压力罐内垂直安置的两个同心管屏所构成。管屏是由壁管按气密方法焊接在一起，并由冷却介质从中流过。两管屏的底部是相连的、以便气体通过。在冷却塔的顶端，提供有同心的第一气体流通接头，用作通往内管屏的气体入口。在接近外管屏的顶端，提供有第二气体流通接头，用作气体出口。壁管在其端部连接主管。内管屏可解开地独立于外管屏，第一气体流通接头和外管屏，在接近冷却塔的顶部是这样形成所需尺寸，即内管屏和其主管一起，可通过它们垂直地拉出。
A gas cooling tower consists of two concentric tube panels which are arranged vertically inside a pressure can. The tube panels are welded together by a wall tube using an airtight method and are used for a cooling medium to flow. The bottoms of the two tube panels are linked for the gas to pass. The top of the cooling tower is provided with a concentric first gas circulation joint used as a gas inlet which is communicated with an inner tube panel. The top near an outer tube panel is provided with a second gas circulation joint used as a gas outlet. The wall tube is connected with a main tube at the end. The inner tube panel is unattached with the outer tube panel and can be untied; the first gas circulation joint and the tube panels form the required sizes at the top near the cooling tower by the method that the inner tube panel and the main tube are put together and can be pulled out vertically through the first gas circulation joint and the tube panels.
1015825
交换终端中的一种ＩＳＤＮＤ信道信息处理机，用以从各种ＩＳＤＮ用户线路收集Ｄ信道数据，并将数据分配给各种ＩＳＤＮ用户线路。信息处理机中的帧处理机从ＩＳＤＮ线路各电路中接收以时分多路复用位流的形式出现的Ｄ信道信息，并将其汇集在一个接收缓冲存储单元中。该缓冲器中的发信和管理信息经翻译程序识别后，传送到在交换终端中的中央控制器。包数据以类似的方式通过交换终端接在包交换节点与用户之间。
An ISDND channel information processor in an exchange terminal is used for collecting channel D data from various kinds of ISDN user lines and distributing the data to various kinds of ISDN user lines. A frame processor in the information processor receives the channel D information presented in the form of time division multiplexing potential flow from each circuit of the ISDN lines and gathers the channel D information inside a receiving cushion storing unit. The information sending and management information in a buffer is distinguished by a translating programme to be sent to a central controller in the exchange terminal. Packet data are linked between the exchange terminal and a packet exchange node by a similar manner.
1015894
本发明涉及一种由六次甲基二胺，已二酸本身或与至少一种其它短链二羧酸和脂肪酸二聚体混合制备均匀的共聚酰胺的方法。根据该方法，首先在催化剂存在下由短链酸和过量的六次甲基二胺制备一种预聚物，催化剂可由无机含氧强酸或有机含氧强酸构成或由该酸制成的碱金属或碱土金属盐构成；然后，使获得的预聚物与脂肪酸二聚体反应。在塑料工业或纺织工业中，这些共聚酰胺具有多种用途。
The present invention relates to a method for preparing for uniform copolyamide by mixing hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid or at least with one kind of other short chain dicarboxylic acid and fatty acid dimer. The method is that firstly, when catalyst exists, short chain acid and the superfluous hexamethylene diamine are used to prepare for a prepolymer; the catalyst can consist of inorganic oxygenous strong acid or organic oxygenous strong acid or consists of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal made from the strong acid; then the obtained prepolymer is reacted with the fatty acid dimer. The copolyamide has a plurality of kinds of purposes in the plastic industry or the textile industry.
1015911
利用一种金属镀层法使金属扩散到有电活性中心的聚合物基片的表面之中，随后把金属镀层镀到所希望的厚度。首先把电荷注入并可逆地贮藏在聚酰亚胺中，随后把这种电荷用于还原反应，并沉积出元素形式的过渡金属。本发明操作中的一个重大改进体现在为聚酰亚胺制备并使用带有化学还原剂的水溶液的甲醇溶液之中，以及体现于能还原聚合物电活性中心的单原子离子或络合于的过渡金属离和的利用。
A metal plating method is that metal is diffused into the surface of a polymer basal plate with an electrical activity center, and subsequently, a metal coating is plated with the expected thickness. Firstly, electric charge is led into and stored adversely in polyimide, then the electric charge is used in the reduction reaction, and the transition metal of element form is deposited. The operation of the present invention has a great improvement that the polyimide prepares for and is used in methanol solution which is provided with the aqueous solution with chemical reducer, and the improvement of the present invention is embodied by being capable of reduce monatomic ions in the electrical activity center of the polymer and the utilization of complex transition metal ions.
1015915
聚（间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺）纤维的连续染色方法，该方法使用溶胀剂以使染料和可选择性含有的阻染燃剂引进该纤维。染色纤维具有接近原来未染色纤维的强力和阻燃性质，且当使用阻燃剂时，其效果比未处理的纤维要好。这些芳族聚酰胺纤维可方便地染成无限制的颜色范围，具有高的得色量和相当高的耐光牢度，且费用合理。二甲亚砜的水溶液被用作优选的溶胀剂。
A continuously dying method of poly (metaphenylene isophthaloyl amine) fibre is that swelling agent is used for dye and selectively contained flame retardant to introduce the fibre. Dyed fibre has the strength and flame retardancy similar as former undyed fibre, and when the flame retardant is used, the effect is better than untreated fibre. Aromatic polyamide fibre can be dyed any unrestrained color conveniently, which has high color yield and quite high light fastness, and the expense is reasonable. Dimethylsulfoxide aqueous solution is used as the preferential swelling agent.
1015924
内燃机的螺旋形进气口，为在设于缸盖上的拱顶涡流发生室中产生强涡流。一个螺旋形进气道沿斜下方与拱形室相连，连接部附近的气道纵截面呈上缩下胀形，使气道边缘与拱形室过渡连接。气道的内侧壁与拱顶室相交形成一条脊线，伸入进气道及拱顶室的设想基形的内部，并通过一个双凹壁面与拱顶室的内壁光滑连接，还通过一个双凸壁面与气道的内曲壁光滑连接。缸盖上有进气阀导向座，它不伸入拱顶室的内部之中。
A gyroidal air inlet of an internal-combustion engine can produce strong vortex inside a vault vortex generation chamber arranged at a cylinder cover. A gyroidal air inlet port is connected with an arched chamber along the oblique inferior part, and an air passage lengthwise section near a connection part is the shape of shrunk top and expanded bottom, which ensures the transition connection of the edge of the air passage and the arched chamber. The inner lateral wall of the air passage is intersected with the arched chamber as a ridge line which is extended into the inside of an assumed base shape of the air passage and he arched chamber, is glossily connected with the inner wall of the arched chamber through a double concave wall face and is also glossily connected with the incurved wall of the air passage through a biconvex wall face. The cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet valve guide base which is not extended into the inside of the arched chamber.
1015928
本发明涉及利用毛细管现象从潜热蓄热材料确实取出潜热的装
翻译文本 - English英语 1014566
一种液压、气动或液压－－气动混合设备的流体供给装置，有一个内空腔．空腔中的孔口（１０、１２、１３）分别与压力源、受控装置以及泄流管路相连通．在该腔中可滑动地安装一个分流活门．此分流活门由两个同轴的可各自移动的部分（１４ａ、１４ｂ）构成．借助该活门的控制，三个孔口（１０、１２、１３）决不会同时互相连通．
A liquid supply device of a hydraulic, pneumatic or hydraulic-pneumatic combined equipment is provided with an internal cavity, hole openings (10, 12 and 13) inside which are respectively communicated with a pressure source, a controlled device and a liquid discharging pipeline. A shunt valve is glidingly installed inside the cavity and consists of two coaxial parts (14a and 14b) which can move respectively. The three hole openings (10, 12 and 13) absolutely can not be communicated synchronously by the control of the valve.
1014573
改进的垃圾焚化法是在湿垃圾中导入过热蒸汽，使之与碎细垃圾直接接触并将它干燥，干燥机排出的混合蒸汽仍处过热态．因碎细垃圾表面积大并与过热蒸汽直接接触，可消除热传上的故障，使干燥机设备投资大为降低且操作变得简便．排出的蒸汽在干燥机与过热蒸汽加热器间多次循环，累积量增大可用以加热锅炉给水．进入干燥机前，垃圾经有多孔锥形螺旋推挤器，排出其中不凝结气，以避免蒸汽中含大量不凝结气而对过热蒸汽加热器或锅炉给水加热器造成传热上的不良影响．
An improved garbage incineration method is introducing steam-gas into wet garbage to ensure the steam gas contacts crushed garbage directly and dries the crushed garbage, and mixed steam discharged by a drying machine is still under overheated state. Because the crushed garbage has large surface area and contacts the steam-gas directly, the heat conduction fault can be eliminated, the investment of the drying machine is reduced greatly, and the operation becomes simple and convenient. The discharged steam is cycled a plurality times between the drying machine and a steam-gas heater, and the increase of the cumulation quantity can be used for heating a boiler water supply. Before entering the drying machine, the garbage is processed for a porous cone-shaped spiral broaching device to discharge noncondensing gas thereof, so as to avoid that the steam contains a plurality of noncondensing gas and causes bad influence of heat conduction on the overheated steam heater and a boiler water supply heater.
1014576
本发明的位移测量装置包括带有沿侧位道设置的标记和间隔并确定编码位置的部件；该部件所通过的检测装置，用于从测位道读出标记和间隔；解码逻辑电路，用于接收检测装置的输出信号，根据测位道的检测解码信息得出带位置．
The present invention provides a displacement measurement device, comprising a part which is provided with a mark and an interval arranged along a position detection channel and confirms a coded position. The part passes a detection device which is used for reading the mark and the interval from the position detection channel. A decoding logic circuit is used for accepting an output signal of the detection device and obtains a belt position according to the detection decoding information of the position detection channel.
1014605
一种改进的电－－光器件，该器件包括一块透明基片和在其相对的两个表面上有一对电极的光电导层．在透明电极和光电导层之间的电极是透明的，并且是用氧化锌制成的．后者不会由于光电导层接触而发生还原反应．
An improved electrical-photic device comprises a piece of transplant substrate and a photoconductive layer of a pair of electrodes at two surfaces opposite to the transplant substrate. The electrodes between a transplant electrode and the photoconductive layer are transplant and are made from zinc oxide which can not have reduction reaction because of contacting the photoconductive layer.
1014614
一种小型电动机，它包括一个配有永久磁铁并在一端有一开口的电机外壳；一个由装配到电机外壳开口部上用以固定电刷装置的合成树脂绝缘电刷基座和一块覆盖电刷基座表面的金属构件所组成的盖板．电机外壳有多处通过局部冲裁其开口部边缘而形成的折边部分；使盖板同电机外壳开口部衔接，同时弯折和碾平各折边部分而将盖板装配到外壳．特征在于：所述盖板沿其外围有多处凹向电机轴的凹口部．通过各折边部分与凹口部的束缚作用，把盖板固定地装配到电机外壳上．
A miniature motor comprises a motor crust with a permanent magnet and an opening at one end, a synthetic resin insulating brush base which is equipped at the opening of the motor crust for fixing the brush and a piece of cover plate which covers over the surface of the brush base and consists of a metal component. The motor crust is provided a plurality of hem parts formed by partially punching the edge of the opening; the cover plate is connected with the opening of the motor crust; at the same time, every hem part is bended and grinded flat, and the cover plate is equipped at the crust. The present invention is characterized in that the cover plate is provided with a plurality of notches which are arranged along the edge and are concave towards a motor shaft. The restraint effect of every hem part and notch is used to fixedly equip the cover plate at the motor crust.
1014699
本发明系关于在电气设备中使用的浇注绝缘材料之环氧树酯混合料．该混合料由环氧树酯－－环氧当量２００以下的环状环氧化合物型环氧树酯与分子量约３０，０００的苯氧基树酯的混合物，固化剂－－多元羧酸酐和芳香酯，以及填充剂－－无机物粉末组成．它具有在低温下低粘度、长适用期和在高温下迅速固化的性质，此外耐热性和耐热冲击性兼优，而且也不发生填充剂的沉降．
The present invention relates to an epoxy resin mixture used for casting insulating material in an electric device. The mixture consists of the mixture of the epoxy resin which is the annular epoxy compound type epoxy resin with the epoxy equivalent lower than 200 and the phenoxy resin with the molecular weight about 30,000, curing agent which is polybasic carboxylic acid anhydride and aromatic ester and filling agent which is mineral powder. The present invention has the characters of low viscosity under lower temperature, long application period and being solidified promptly under high temperature, has good heat resistance and thermal impact resistance besides and also does not have the sedimentation of the filling agent.
1014732
本发明的逆流式板型热交换器主要用于热回收领域，其中设有由支承部件作弹性支撑的一批导热的浮动板，使流体在紧接其流入该热交换器的前后，在换热时的流动方向为相互正交．在上述浮动板之间形成有通道，使温度不同的流体在此种通道长向所定的区间内朝相互相反的方向流过，而这种浮动板有效部分的长短边之长度比为２．５：７．各浮动板上设有一批凹座，它们的高度即界定了浮动板间的间隙．恰当地排列这些凹座还可有效地控制流体的流动．
The present invention provides a reflux plate type heat exchanger which is mainly applied to the heat recovery field, wherein a batch of floating boards which are provided with supporting parts as elastic supports are provided to ensure that the liquid flows into the front and the back of the heat exchanger closely following the floating boards, and the flowing direction is mutually orthogonal when exchanging heat. Passages are formed among the floating boards to ensure that the liquid with different temperature flows towards mutually opposite direction within the lengthways fixed interval of the passages, and the length ratio of the long edge and the short edge of the effective parts of the floating boards is 2.5 to 7. Every floating board is provided with a batch of concave bases, the height of which defines the gap between the floating boards. The concave bases are arranged properly, which can effectively control the flow of the liquid.
1014736
一种包括有一个容器的热管，容器中密封有作为工作流体的水，并且容器由能与水反应产生氢气的材料构成．该热管的特征在于其内放有固体氧化剂，将氢气氧化成水，工作流体即水同容器反应产生的氢气被氧化剂氧化成水，在热管的冷凝部分没有气体存在．
A thermal tube comprises a vessel which is sealed with water as working liquid and consists of a material which can react with water to generate hydrogen. The thermal tube is characterized by being provided with solid oxidant inside which oxygenates the hydrogen into the water; the working liquid that is water reacts with the vessel to generate the hydrogen which is oxygenated into the water by the oxidant; no gas exists at a condensing part of the thermal tube.
1014749
本发明是关于一种将汉语的表文字键入以输入汉语的中文键盘．将多个可根据其后输入的韵母的第一文字而加以区别的声母配置于同一键上，根据上述韵母的第一文字，以决定在输入该韵母之前所输入的多个声母的其中之一个声母．具有不需上下段的变位机能就能键入不同声母的效果，同时也可以减少键的数目．
The present invention relates to a Chinese keyboard which keys in Chinese characters for inputting Chinese. A plurality of initial consonants which are distinguished according to a first letter of a final which is input subsequently are allocated at one same key. One initial consonant of a plurality of initial consonants which is input before the final is input is decided by the first letter of the final. The present invention has the effect that different initial consonants can be input without an upper and lower section displacement function, and the quantity of the keys can be reduced.
1014753
本发明揭示一种扁平电缆连接构造，它具备与连接器本体成为一体、排列有多根连接器销的印刷布线板，设置在扁平电缆的连接端部上至少贯穿一条印刷布线形成部，用以插入连接器销完成电气或机械连接的小孔，分别使未设置此小孔之印刷布线连接；且面临扁平电缆的连接端部的电缆茎材边缘部的印刷布线连接部，印刷在印刷配线板上，用以连接这些各印刷布线连接部和与此对应的连接器销的导电部．
The present invention discloses a flat cable connection structure which is provided with a printing wiring board which is integrated as a whole with a connector body and is provided with a plurality of connector pins, at least a piece of printing wiring forming part which is arranged through a connection end part arranged at the flat cable and pores used for inserting the connector pins to achieve the electric or mechanical connection. The printing wires which are not provided with the pores are connected. Printing wiring connection parts which are faced with a cable stem material edge part of the connection end part of the flat cable are printed at the printing wiring board and used for linking every printing wiring connection parts with the opposite conductive parts of the connector pins.
1014754
本发明的直流圆筒形线圈，在将吸引插棒式铁心的吸引线圈的一部分磁通消减的方向上发生磁通的反励磁线圈绕装在上述吸引线圈的绕线管上，在上述反励磁线圈上串联了正特性热敏电阻后，把它与上述吸引线圈并联．根据本发明，通过由于反励磁线圈与正特性热敏电阻对插棒式铁心的吸引力的抑制作用，使插棒式铁心的吸引速度慢化，从而减低了插棒式铁心吸着时的动作音及冲击力，提供只用电气部件、结构紧凑、低噪声、低冲击型的直流圆筒形线圈．
The present invention provides a direct current cylinder-shaped coil. An anti-excitation coil which has magnetic flux at the direction of one part magnetic flux decrease of an attraction coil which attracts a stick inserting type magnet core is equipped at a bobbin of the attraction coil. After the anti-excitation coil is in series connection with a positive temperature coefficient thermistor, the anti-excitation coil is in parallel connection with the attraction coil. According to the present invention, the inhibition effect of the anti-excitation coil and the positive temperature coefficient thermistor towards the attraction of the stick inserting type magnet core ensures that the attraction speed of the stick inserting type magnet core becomes slowly, so as to reduce the action sound and impact force of the stick inserting type magnet core and provides the direct current cylinder-shaped coil which only applies electric components and has compact structure, low noise and low impact.
1014774
本机构有一个要被引进到骨架内部里去的坚硬的长形主体，它包括（１３，１４）两部分．其中之一相对另一部分能轴向移动．每一部分在骨架内部装有紧固装置．各种动作的操纵方法如下：主体被引进骨架里之后，两部分（１３，１４）之一回收到另一部分之中，首先进行两部分之一在骨架内的定位，启动其紧固装置（１５～２０，２４），然后是另一部分相对这部分的轴向移动，直到在骨架内实现其正确定位．最后启动这第二部分的紧固装置（２４，１５～２０）．本设备用于动物的屠宰加工．
A mechanism is provided with a rigid long main body to be introduced into the inside of a framework and comprises two parts (13 and 14), wherein, one part can axially move towards the other part. Each part is provided with a fastening device inside the framework. The operation method of every action is as follows: after the main body is introduced into the framework, one of the two parts (13 and 14) is returned into the other part; firstly, one of the two parts is positioned inside the framework; the fastening device (15~20 and 24) of the part is started; then, the other part moves axially towards the part till realizing the correct positioning inside the framework; finally, the fastening device (24 and 15~20) of the second part is started. The device is used for butchering and processing animals.
1014794
一种卷边加工方法，它包括预弯曲工序和卷边工序．在预弯曲工序中，利用预弯曲冲头将外壁板的边缘部弯曲为近似直角，而同时利用此冲头内侧变上的突出部沿边缘部按预定的弯曲线加工出薄壁部．在卷边工序中，进一步加压于近似直角的外壁板边缘部，由于上述薄壁部的相对脆弱性，在外侧壁被弯曲为其截面成Ｕ字形的同时，还使置于弯曲部内部的内壁板的边缘部被包覆夹压．
A flanging processing method comprises a pre-bending working procedure and a flanging working procedure. In the pre-bending working procedure, a pre-bending punch is used for bending an edge part of an external wall board as a right angle almost, and at the same time, a protrudent part at the internal side of the punch is used for processing a thin wall part along the edge part according to the preset bending line. In the flanging working procedure, the almost right angle edge part of the external wall board is pressed further; because of the corresponding frangibility of the thin wall part, when the section of external wall is bended as U-shaped, the edge part of an internal wall part inside a bending part is covered and pressed.
1014904
公开了一种变速扬水发电装置，该装置包括有一个变速电动发电机、一个连接在电动发电机与一个电力系统之间的变频装置、和一个由该电动发电机驱动或驱动该电动发电机的泵／水轮机．其中，控制电动发电机的速度以获得根据输出功率指令决定的最佳速度，同时又控制导向叶片的开度以获得根据输出功率指令决定的最佳开度．
The present invention discloses a variable speed water-raising generating set which comprises a variable speed motor generator, a frequency conversion device which is linked between the motor generator and an electric power system and a pump or hydraulic turbine which is driven by the motor generator or drives the motor generator, wherein, the speed of the motor generator is controlled to obtain the best speed decided by the output power instruction, at the same time, the opening degree of a guide vane is controlled also to obtain the best opening degree decided by the output power instruction.
1014934
本发明为粒子的快速成粒方法和设备以及所得到的产品．包括将要成粒的易熔的或难熔的粉状材料以及易熔的粘结剂送到转动的盘形或钵形散布器装置的表面上．至少将部分材料加热到进料中可熔组分的熔点或其以上的温度，在那里控制进料速率，加到散布器的能量输入和散布器的转速，从散布器表面的进料可熔部分可形成一液相组分层，从边缘那里分散粒子群到低于熔化温度的空气中去，在较冷的空气中形成成粒产品．
The present invention provides a fast granulating method of particles, an equipment and an obtained product, comprising sending fusible or infusible powdery material for granulating and fusible bond into the surface of a rotating disk-shaped or bowl-shaped dispersion device. The partial material is heated up to or above the temperature of the melting point of fusible components in the materials; the feeding speed, the energy input into the dispersion device and the rotate speed of the dispersion device are control; a liquid phase component layer can be formed at a feeding fusible part at the surface of the dispersion device; particles group is dispersed into the air with the temperature lower than the melting temperature from the edge to form a granulated product in the cool air.
1014970
该化合物可从相应的单环和双环组分通过Ｗｉｔｔｉｇ反应，以及随后的任选的取代基转化而制得．这类化合物具有治疗活性，如抗肿瘤作用．
A compound can be prepared from the Wittig reaction of corresponding single ring and double ring components and the succedent optional substituent group transformation. The compound has remedial activity, such as the anticancer effect.
1014988
本发明提供了新的细胞生长调节组合物．该组合物可从白细胞中得到，例如人外周血液淋巴细胞（ＰＢＬｓ）或用一个或一个以上的诱导物培养的人组织细胞淋巴瘤系．自然存在的肽可通过仔细纯化上述细胞的条件培养基得到，并证明对某些细胞系具有选择抑制活性和对其它一些细胞系具有选择性刺激活性，多肽可从培养的ＰＢＬｓ的或人组织淋巴瘤细胞系的条件培养基中分离出来，也可以合成，或可以通过基因克隆在一个合适的宿主里制备．本发明还提供了变体和片段．
The present invention provides a novel cell growth adjustment combination which can be obtained form leukocytes, such as human peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) or a human histiocyte lymphoma system which is cultured by one or more than one inducers. Naturally existent peptide can be obtained by carefully purifying a condition culture medium of the cells and is approved having selective inhibition activity to certain cell systems and having selective stimulation activity to certain other cell systems; polypeptide can be separated from the condition culture mediums of the cultured PBLs or human histiocyte lymphoma system, can also be synthesized or prepared inside a proper host by gene clone. The present invention also provides a variety and a segment.
1015008
本发明能通过开关把在使仝空气调节机时的使用者的＂热＂，＂冷＂等冷热感觉进行输入，并根据输入的情报，自动地改变能使吹出空气可变的要素中的至少一种，从而迅速地将室温改变到合乎使用者的身体情况的舒适温度以上以去除使用者的不舒适感．
The present invention is capable of using a switch to input the cool and hot feeling of hot, cold etc. of the user when an air conditioner is used and can automatically change at least one of the changeable factors of the blowing air according to the input information and accordingly change the room temperature into the comfortable temperature fit for the body condition of the user and eliminate the uncomfortable feeling of the user.
1015014
本组合是一种连续流油墨喷射印刷机，有喷嘴喷出加压导电油墨流沿定迹射向记录表面，有选择地偏转或遮断装置阻止所选部分油墨到达记录表面印刷区，有低或地电位油墨雾遮罩靠近记录表面，有通电装置向记录表面通电建立高压电场将油墨粒子驱向遮雾罩．本方法用于上述连续流油墨喷射印刷机以减少碰撞产生的油雾墨．步骤为从喷嘴喷出导电油墨连续流到记录表面，有选择地偏转或遮断部分油墨流，通电到记录表面形成电场将油墨粒子驱向遮雾罩．
A combination is a continuous flow ink jet printing machine. A nozzle jets out pressure-increase conductive ink to spray toward a record surface along certain trace. A selective deflexion or shutoff device prevents the selected partial ink from arriving at a printing area of the record surface. A lower or ground potential ink mist shield cover is close to the record surface. An electrifying device electrifies towards the record surface to establish a high voltage electric field to drive ink particles to the mist shield cover. The method is used in the continuous flow ink jet printing machine to reduce the ink mist caused by bumping. The steps are jetting out conductive ink continuous flow to the record surface by the nozzle, selectively deflexing or shutting out partial ink flow and electrifying to the record surface to form the electric field to drive the ink particles to the mist shield cover.
1015023
一种摄影机，包括：外壳，镜头座，胶片暗盒，快门和用于驱动快门和胶片的驱动马达．摄影机可以水平地侧装入较大容量的胶片暗盒．镜头可从正面更换而摄影机不需再次调焦．胶片暗盒和摄影机有用于在相对镜头座的预定位置装入暗盒的啮合导向装置，暗盒有用于使胶片通过胶片靠板的内驱动装置．该靠板可在工厂调整以固定摄影机的正确焦点，因而在更换胶片暗盒和镜头时不需要现场再次调焦．
A video camera comprises a crust, a lens base, a film cassette, a shutter and a driving motor for driving the shutter and the film. The video camera can be flatly encased with the film cassette with large volume from the lateral side. Lens can be changed from front, and the video camera does not need focused again. The film cassette and the video camera are provided with a mesh guide device used for encasing the cassette at a preset position opposite to the lens base, and the cassette is provided with an internal driving device used for ensuring that the film passes a film abutment plate which can adjust and fix an exact focus of the video camera at the factory, so when the film cassette and the lens are changed, the video camera does not need focused again at field.
1015032
本发明是通过逻辑运算装置来对输入存储装置的任意的重放时间与由时间计测装置计测的从光学磁盘开始重放的时间进行比较，使光学磁盘进行重放工作至两个时间一致为止，以至能仅在使用者所需的任意时间内进行光学磁盘重放的光学磁盘重放装置．通过由显示装置显示重放中两个时间的时间差，而显示出至使用者输入的任意的重放时间为止的剩余时间，在把光学磁盘的重放信号记录在定长的磁带等时非常方便，同时对光学磁盘的重放经过一目了然，使用更加方便．
The present invention provides an optical disk playback device which uses a logic calculation device to contrast any playback time input into a storage device and the time which is measured by a time measurement device since an optical disk starting playback to ensure that the optical disk does the playback work until two times are consistent, so as to process the playback within any time required by the user. A display device displays the time difference between two times during the playback and displays the rest time till any playback time input by the user, which is very convenient, when a playback signal of the optical disk is recorded at a certain long tape etc., at the same time the playback process of the optical disk is clear at a glance, and the use is more convenient.
1015077
一种磁带盘，通过注射成型法制造一个磁带盘部件．磁带盘部件包括一个磁带盘侧板，一个带盖圆筒使侧板中心设有开口端，一个磁带芯围绕带盖圆筒的外缘，在带盖圆筒顶板上设有一个突出部分作为旋转中心，并有若干嵌接凸台．注入树脂形成在顶板上的一个浇口部分，其位置在嵌接凸台以外的地方，或在相应的附近位置．
The present invention relates to a tape disk and provides a tape disk component which is manufactured by injection molding method. The tape disk component comprises a tape disk lateral plate, a cylinder with a cover to provide the center of the lateral plate with an opening end and a tape disk core around the outer edge of the cylinder with the cover. A top plate of the cylinder with the cover is provided with a protrudent part as a rotating center and a plurality of rabbet protrudent platforms. Resin is injected to form a pouring opening part at the top plate which is arranged at the place except the rabbet protrudent platforms or at the corresponding nearby position.
1015078
回转挤出机包括机壳（２２）、机壳的内腔（２９）、装于机壳内腔中可旋转的圆柱形转子（３０）、喂料口（２５）、供内腔及口模（２６）之间流通的出料口（５２）．口模与齿轮泵（１６０）结合以相应增大从出料口来的物料的压力．还公开了滚花的转子（３０），下部切口的喂料口（２５），分段的旋转轴（１８，１８＇）和用不同金属制成的推力环（１０９，１０９＇）以及机壳中圆周分布的加热元件．
A rotary extruder comprises a casing (22), an inner cavity of the casing (29), a rotary columnar rotor (30) which is installed inside the casing inner cavity, a feeding opening (25) and a material discharging opening (52) for the inner cavity to be communicated with a neck ring mold (26). The neck ring mold is combined with a gear pump (160) to correspondingly increase the pressure of the material sent out from the material discharging opening. The present invention also discloses a knurling rotor (30), a feeding opening (25) with a cut at the downside, sectional rotary shafts (18 and 18’), push rings (109 and 109’) made from different metal and a heating element distributed circularly inside the casing.
1015082
本汽车门的特征是是在门外壁板（２１）与门内壁板（２２）之间的空间（Ｓ）内装设冲击梁（４），同时，在该冲击梁（４）上，作成往其长度方向延伸的加强肋（５），并在此加强肋（５）内作成往其长度方向延伸的沟状凹腔（６），再在此凹腔（６）内，装填并固定增强管（７）．这样，在上述空间（Ｓ）内，不会使冲击梁的占有体积增加，并可增加撞击梁的刚性强度．
An automobile door is characterized in that a shock beam (4) is installed inside the space (S) between an outer door wall board (21) and an inner door wall board (22); at the same time, a reinforcement rib (5) is extended along the lengthways direction at the shock beam (4); the inside of the reinforcement rib (5) is provided with a channel-shaped concave cavity (6) extending along the lengthways direction; a reinforcement pipe is filled and fixed inside the concave cavity (6). Thus, the size of the shock beam can not be increased inside the space (S), and the rigid intensity of the shock beam can be increased.
1015090
本发明涉及具有一种骨架结构的结晶镓磷酸盐组合物及其制备方法．其化学组成可用氧化物摩尔比表示为（Ⅰ）式．ｍＲ：Ｇａ－［２］Ｏ－［３］３：１．０±０．２Ｐ－［２］Ｏ－［５］（Ⅰ）式中＂Ｒ＂代表存在于晶体内微孔网系中的至少一种有机模板剂，ｍ为０．０２至０．３的值并代表＂Ｒ＂的摩尔；本发明的组合物是一类新型的分子筛型吸附剂，可作为催化剂或催化剂载体用于烃类的转化反应．
The present invention relates to a crystal gallium phosphate combination with a framework structure and a preparation method thereof. The chemical composition can be expressed by the oxide mol ratio as a formula (I). In the formula mR:Ga-[2]O-[3]3:1.0 plus or minus 0.2P-[2]O-[5] (I), R means stands for at least one kind of organic templet existing in a micropore net inside a crystal; m is the value from 0.02 to 0.3 and also stands for the mol of R. The combination of the present invention is a novel molecular sieve type sorbent and can be used as catalyst or a catalyst carrier to be used the hydrocarbon conversion reaction.
1015176
本发明创造有关磁带驱动装置的卷盘承受装置．具备其基端固定中间设有小直径部的轴，安装于该轴上的卷盘承受基体，与承受基体成为一体的卷盘驱动凸片，嵌入轴小直径部、为防止基体脱落的构件，通过基体将动力传到卷盘驱动凸片的磁带卷盘承受装置．使用软性材料作成的筒状构件作为防止脱落构件．在卷盘驱动凸片上端部设置用来嵌合轴顶端部的轴承凹部．
The present invention creates a reel bearing device relating to a tape driving device, which is provided with a shaft with a small diameter part at the middle and a basal end of the shaft is fixed. The present invention is also provided with a reel bearing base body installed at the shaft, a reel driving protrudent plate integrated with the bearing base body as a whole, a small diameter part of an embedded shaft and a component for preventing the base body from falling down. The tape reel bearing device conveys the power to the reel driving protrudent plate through the base body. A soft material is used to make a cylinder-shaped component as the component for preventing from falling down. A bearing concave part used for embedding a shaft top part is arranged at the upper end of the reel driving protrudent plate.
1015275
一种煤的气化炉的气化方法及其装置．该方法是，喷出煤和氧化剂，使其沿气化室的圆周方向形成旋流，使煤和氧化剂接触并进行反应，生成可燃性气体，同时使煤中的灰分熔化而形成渣状物，通过渣槽流入炉渣冷却室．由于旋流作用而产生了压力差，即从气化室的壁到中心部位压力逐渐降低．这种压力差形成一个循环系统：把一部分可燃性气体从气化室导向煤渣冷却室，再返回气化室．利用这种循环的可燃性气体来加热渣槽．
The present invention provides a gasification method of a coal gasifying furnace and a device thereof. The method is that coal and oxidant are sprayed out to form swirling flow along the circumferential direction of a gasifying chamber; the coal is contacted with the oxidant to react and generate flammable gas; at the same time, ash in the coal is melted to form a slag-shaped substance to flow into a coal slag cooling chamber through a slag slot. The pressure difference is produced because of the swirling flow action that the pressure is gradually decreased from the wall of the gasifying chamber to the central part. The pressure difference forms a cycle system, which is that partial flammable gas is introduced into the coal slag cooling chamber from the gasifying chamber and than is returned to the gasifying chamber. The circular flammable gas is used for heating the slag slot.
1015305
一种气密旋转式压缩机，包括有一个垂直的圆柱形气密外壳；一个有空心圆柱形定子的电动机，其定子的圆柱形外表面固定在上述外壳的里面并有向下凸出来的下线圈端；一个装在上述外壳内的下线圈端下面并由上述电动机驱动的具有一个圆盘状气缸体的致冷压缩装置，其圆柱形外表面固定在上述圆柱形外壳的里面；一个贯穿并固定于上述外壳给上述电动机输电的接线柱，它安装在上述气缸体和上述定子之间并面对上述下线圈端的一个外圆周表面．
An airtight rotary compressor comprises a vertical columnar airtight crust, a motor with a hollow columnar stator, the columnar outer surface of which is fixed inside the crust and is provided with a downwards protrudent lower winding end, a refrigeration compress device which is installed under the lower winding end inside the crust, is driven by the motor and is provided with a disk-shaped cylinder body, the columnar outer surface of the refrigeration compress device is fixed inside the columnar crust and a wiring post which is put through and fixed at the crust to transmit electricity to the motor and is installed between the cylinder and the stator and opposite to an outer circle surface of the lower winding end.
1015306
本发明涉及涡卷式电动压缩机．其压缩机构包括固定涡卷叶片部件，旋转涡卷叶片部件，曲轴，轴承部件，自转约束部件，止推轴承，及装在固定涡卷叶片部件和轴承部件之间的分隔框体部件．该分隔框体部件隔装在分割为上下的密闭容器的开口端之间，并在其相隔部分的全周进行焊接．故能抑制固定涡卷叶片部件、轴承部件和分隔框体部件的热变形，且分隔框体部件的形状简单，组装精度能保持在设定范围内．可实现适于大量生产的高效率的电动压缩机．
The present invention relates to a scroll type electric compressor, a compress mechanism of which comprises a fixed scroll vane component, a rotary scroll vane component, a crank, a bearing component, a rotation restriction component, a thrust bearing and a separate casing body component installed between the fixed scroll vane component and the bearing component. The separate casing body component is separately installed between opening ends separated as upper and lower closed vessels, and whole circle of the separation part is welded, so the thermal deformation of the fixed scroll vane component, the bearing component and the separate casing body component can be controlled, the shape of the separate casing body component is simple, and the assembly precision can be kept within the preset range, which can realize an efficient electric compressor applied to the mass production.
1015376
本发明中的加速调节装置，在液压回路的压力低于溢流压力时，差动齿轮机构的第２输出端固定不动．因此，输入到差动齿轮机构输入端的操作位移量原封不动地从第１输出端传递到原动机的燃料控制端．当加速操作量过大，原动机的输出增大，液压回路的压力超过溢流压时，上述第２输出端的位置移动，使第１输出端的输出位移量减小．
The present invention provides an accelerating adjustment device. When the pressure of a hydraulic pressure loop is lower than the overfall pressure, a second output end of a differential gear mechanism is immobilized, so the operation displacement quantity input into an input end of the differential gear mechanism is conveyed to a fuel control end of a prime mover from a first output end unchangeably. When the accelerating operation quantity is over large, the output of the prime mover is increased, and the pressure of the hydraulic pressure loop is more than the overfall pressure, the displacement of the second output end reduces the output displacement quantity of the first output end.
1015380
用于传送机链条不受磨粒过度磨损的保护装置，链条有许多个相互连接的链节，该装置由一个支撑保护装置用的底板和具有一定间隔相互平行的两个侧面板构成．该侧面板垂直地安装在底板上，其间隔距离要大于传送机链条的宽度．磨损板安装在两侧面板的上面，盖板安装在磨损板的上面，其上带有一个伸出部分，通过螺栓将链条紧固在盖板上，使链条与周围的保护板装置脱离接触，以便大大减少传送机链条的任何磨损．
A protection device is used for preventing a conveyer chain from the excessive abrasion of wear particles. The chain is provided with a plurality of mutually linked chain links. The device consists of a soleplate used for supporting the protection device and two mutually parallel lateral boards with certain interval. The lateral boards are vertically arranged at the soleplate, and the interval space thereof can be larger than the width of the conveyer chain. Abrasion boards are installed on the two lateral boards. Cover plates are installed on the abrasion boards, the upsides of which are provided with a protrudent part. The chain is fastened at the cover plates by bolts to ensure that the chain is deviated from contacting a surrounding protection board device, so as to reduce any abrasion of the conveyer chain greatly.
1015400
本发明涉及一种由通式［１］：所表示的安息香酸衍生物及其药理学上所允许的盐以及它们的制造方法．这种新型的安息香酸衍生物及其药理学上所允许的盐能降低血中脂质，在治疗和预防高脂血症及动脉硬化症方面十分有用．
The present invention relates to a benzoic acid derivative shown by a general formula [1], pharmacologically allowed slats thereof and manufacturing methods thereof. The novel benzoic acid derivative and the pharmacologically allowed slats thereof can reduce lipid in blood and are very useful at the aspect of remedying and preventing hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
1015455
一种磁带盘通过将一个磁带盘部件注射成型生产出来．这个磁带盘部件包括一个磁带盘侧板，一个带盖圆筒这样来布置使侧板中心配备一个端部开口，一个磁带芯围绕带盖圆筒的外周，一个突出部分设置在带盖圆筒顶板上作为旋转中心，并有若干个嵌接凸台，有一个浇口部分在由磁带盘中心和磁带芯上的制动件座两个端头之间的连接线及其延长线所界定的、并由内圆筒的外周围着的区域中（图１及２的斜线部分），树脂通过该浇口部分注射成型．
A tape disk is produced by injecting and molding a tape disk component. The tape disk component comprises a tape disk lateral plate, a cylinder with a cover to providing the lateral plate center with an end part opening, a tape core around the outer edge of the cylinder with the cover, a protrudent part which is arranged at a top plate of the cylinder with the cover as a rotating center and a plurality of embedding protrudent platforms. A gate part is arranged in an area which is defined by a connection line between the tape disk center and the two ends of a braking piece base at the tape core and an extension line of the connection line and is surrounded by the outer edge of an inner cylinder (the diagonal parts in diagrams 1 and 2). Resin are injected and molded from the gate part.
1015459
本发明关于一种放电灯装置，包括一灯管及置于该灯管内的阴极，该阴极由一价补偿半导体陶瓷材料、或一强制还原半导体陶瓷材料、或一价补偿且强制还原的半导体陶瓷材料所制成．由于阴极不包含一电子放射材料，而使用一半导体陶瓷材料．因此阴极不产生蒸气，或阴极不与填入于灯管内的水银蒸气反应．因此，此放电灯装置具有改良之特性例如象耐热性、耐化学性及放电特性．由于用作阴极的半导体陶瓷材料价廉，因此放电灯装置较为便宜．
The present invention relates to a discharge lamp device, comprising a strip lamp and a cathode arranged inside the strip lamp. The cathode is made from a ceramic material of one-valence compensation semiconductor or a ceramic material of compulsory reduction semiconductor or a ceramic material of one-valence compensation and compulsory reduction semiconductor. The cathode does not comprises electronically emitting material and uses a half semiconductor ceramic material, so the cathode does not produce steam, or the cathode does not react with the mercury and steam filled in the strip lamp, therefore, the discharge lamp device has the improved characteristics, such as heat resistance, chemical resistance and discharge characteristic. Because the semiconductor ceramic material as the cathode is cheap, the discharge lamp device is cheap.
1015463
本发明涉及调幅立体声接收机的可控混合，通过检测同相信号作为过调制的证据．当达到第一个预定的过调制电平时，就逐渐减小用来消除接收信号中的余弦因子的校正信号，直至最终完全取消．当过调制超出第二个电平时，（Ｌ－Ｒ）信号也被逐渐减小．在极端情况下，（Ｌ－Ｒ）信号被完全消除掉，只留下未经校正的单声道信号．这个过程是以最不易为听众察觉的方式进行的．当接收信号质量改善时，这个过程就又以最不易为听众察觉的方式反向地执行．
The present invention relates to a controllable mixture of an amplitude modulation stereo receiver, which considers the same phase signal detection as the proof of the overmodulation. When a first preset overmodulation electrical level is achieved, a correcting signal used for eliminating a cosine factor in a receiving signal is reduced gradually until being canceled completely. When the modulation is more than a second electrical level, a (L-R) signal is reduced gradually too. Under the extreme condition, the (L-R) signal is eliminated completely, and only an uncorrected single track signal is reserved. The course is processed by the manner which is not perceived by the audience most easily. When the quality of the receiving signal is improved, the course is carried out reversely by the manner which is not perceived by the audience most easily.
1015488
本发明公开了一种清除由割炬切割而在坯料的下表面上形成的毛刺埂的设备和方法．在一个实施例中，该设备有一块刀片，两边有两条长切刃．将刀片置于坯料通路的下方并能转动，当刀片处于倾斜位置时，切刃便能与坯料带毛刺的下表面接触并将其清除掉．在另一个实施例中，该设备有一个坯料支承台，使坯料作纵向和横向运动的移动装置，在支承台侧面排成一列的刀片和位于支承台端部的刀片．工作时．坯料在平面上作纵向和横向的移动，即能用切刃清除沿坯料的两端和两侧的毛刺埂．
The present invention discloses an equipment and a method for eliminating burr barriers which are cut down by a cutting torch and formed at the lower surface of blank material. In an embodiment, the equipment is provided with a piece of blade, two sides of which are provided with two pieces of long cutting blades. The blade is arranged under a blank material passageway and can rotate. When the blade is at the incline position, the cutting blades can contact the lower surface of the blank material with burrs and eliminate the burrs. In the other embodiment, the equipment is provided with a blank material support platform, a movement device which ensures that the blank material motions lengthways and transversely, blades which are arranged as a line at the lateral side of the support platform and the blade which is arranged at an end part of the support platform. When the equipment works, the blank material moves lengthways and transversely at the plane and can eliminate the burr barriers along two ends and two sides of the blank material by the cutting blades.
1015493
一种由两片或更多片层积并集成的薄板制成的层压材料，其中每片薄板具有多根沿其连续长度被压缩的茎秆，将压缩茎秆彼此平行地排列以形成一薄板，同时还公开了一种生产这种层压材料的方法．本发明的层压材料，能有效地用于隔热材料、吸音材料、建筑材料、家具材料和陈列材料．
A laminated material is made from two pieces or more pieces of thin plates which are laminated and integrated, wherein, each thin plate is provided with a plurality of stems which are compressed along the continuous length of the thin plate; the compressed stems are arranged as being parallel to each other to form a thin plate. The present invention also discloses a method for producing the laminated material at the same time. The laminated material of the present invention can be applied to heat insulation material, sound absorption material, construction material, furniture material and exhibit material effectively.
1015536
本发明涉及烃类加氢处理的催化剂及其应用．该催化剂包括：由耐火无机氧化物制成的载体，和处于游离或结合状态的钼（０．５－３０％）、镍（０．５－１０％）等．通过喇曼微探头研究这些催化剂所得的光谱是由频率在９００～９３０厘米＋［１］之间的光谱线所构成：（１）至多４０％光谱线的频率在９００～９３０厘米＋［１］范围内；（２）至少３０％光谱线的频率在９３０～９５５厘米－＋［１］范围内；（３）至多４０％光谱线的频率在９５５～１０２０厘米－＋［１］范围内．
The present invention relates to a hydrocarbon hydrogenation disposed catalyst and an application thereof. The catalyst comprises a carrier made from fireproof inorganic oxide, molybdenum (0.5 percent to 30 percent) and nickel (0.5 percent and 10 percent) under dissociation or combination state etc. probe is used to study on the spectrum which is obtained from the catalyst and consists of the spectral lines with the frequency between 900 to 930 centimeters plus [1]: (1) at most 40 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 900 to 930 centimeters plus [1]; at least 30 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 930 to 955 centimeters plus or minus [1]; (3) at most 40 percent of the frequency of the spectral lines is within the range of 955 to 1020 centimeters plus or minus [1].
1015538
本发明涉及一种引火物和制作引火物的方法．引火物包括包封５，包封５内装有木块或木炭块，木块或木炭块被浸入热石蜡槽中而包复有石蜡．包封由带有聚乙烯或聚丙烯衬层的纤维素层构成，因而包封５可用热熔合方法来封闭．在引火物用于家用炉火情况，可燃物是一种含树脂的木头和白木的混合物，该混合物在至少１２０℃的温度下可被石蜡包覆．在引火物用于烤架的情况下，可燃物是至少含８２％固化碳的木炭，将该木炭浸入温度为１００℃至１８０℃的石蜡槽中１至２秒钟，则可被厨用石蜡包覆．
The present invention relates to a kindling and a method for manufacturing the kindling. The kindling comprises an envelopment (5), the inside of which is packed with a wood block or a charcoal block which is dipped in a thermal olefin slot to be coated with olefin. The envelopment consists of a cellulose layer with a polythene or polypropylene underlayer, so the envelopment (5) can be closed by the thermal fusion method. Under the circumstance that the kindling is used in the household ingle, a fuel is a mixture of wood and whitewood, which contains resin and can be coated by the olefin under the temperature of 120 DEG C at least. Under the circumstance that the kindling is used in a gridiron, the fuel is the charcoal which contains at least 82 percent of solidified carbon and can be coated by kitchen olefin after being dipped in the olefin slot with the temperature between 100 DEG C and 180 DEG C for one to two seconds.
1015589
本发明的文字处理装置备有在字符代码的第一特定位上写入表示字符组的分隔的分隔信息、于第二特定位上写入等一个地址是否存储了复数字符代码的重迭信息．用由此而构成的字符代码登记了特定的异体字群的辞典存储器．将上述辞典中的变形的字符代码调出，检出该字符代码的第一、第二特定位，将它复原为原来的字符代码体系的复原装置．由于本发明将分隔信息及重迭信息等包括在文字代码中来存储，所以可压缩信息量，有效地利用辞典存储器．
The present invention provides a character disposal device which is provided with separation information which writes the separation standing for a character group in a first specific bit of a character code and overlapping information which writes the content whether a first address stores a plural character cod in a second specific bit. A dictionary memorizer uses the character code with the structure to register a specific variant character group. A recovery device sends the transformed character code in the dictionary out, detects the first specific bit and the second specific bit of the character code and recovers the character code as a former character code system. The present invention includes the separation information, the overlapping information etc. in the character code for storing, so the information quantity can be compressed, and the dictionary memorizer can be used effectively.
1015591
本发明特别有关成为高压电极的中心导体和接地屏蔽间具有中间屏蔽的气体护套．本发明气体护套的中间屏蔽成为在接地屏蔽前端近傍设置它的小直径部分，然后用圆锥部分使其两端扩大而成为带阶梯的圆柱筒状，取得不扩大气体护套用瓷管尺寸，而能确保接地屏蔽和中间屏蔽间的绝缘距离，从而使内部电场缓和，耐电压性能大幅度提高的效果．
The present invention especially relates to a gas jacket which becomes a central conductor of a high voltage electrode and is provided with a middle shield between the gas jacket and a grounding shield. The middle shield of the gas jacket of the present invention becomes a small diameter part which is arranged near the front of the grounding shield, then a taper part is used for widening two ends of the small diameter part to be the cylinder shape with a ladder to obtain the size of a ceramic tube used for not widening the gas jacket, which can ensure the insulating distance between the grounding shield and the middle shield, accordingly relaxes an internal electrical field and achieves the effect of improving the voltage resistance greatly.
1015594
本发明涉及彩色显像管．在具有以共同的电子透境，对多束电子束进行加速，聚焦的电子枪的彩色显像管中，这些电子束互相不交叉地射入共用电子透境并被聚焦．电子束在通过透境时，电子束相互间的间隔被缩小，通过透境后，再通过修正装置被纠正．
The present invention relates to a color kinescope. Inside the color kinescope which is provided with a common electronic lens which used for accelerating a plurality of bundles of electron beams and a focused electron gun, the electron beams are emitted into the common electronic lens to be focused while not being crossed mutually. When the electron beams pass the lens, the mutual interval among the electron beams is reduced; after the electron beams pass the lens, the intervals are corrected by a correction device.
1015597
一种配有调速器的微型电动机包括一个电动机外壳，一个罩盖和一个振动衰减及隔离机件；外壳的一个端面是封闭的，并且有一个电动机轴孔，外壳的另一个端面是敞口的；罩盖覆盖住电动机外壳的敞口端面，并在一个预定位置上有一个电阻调节孔；振动衰减及隔离机件具有调速器用的电阻调节槽口，并且适合于在被定位得使电阻调节槽中的一个与罩盖上的电阻调节孔相配合时安装到罩盖上，其中振动衰减及隔离机件的预定圆周位置上配置有多个电阻调节槽口．
A miniature electromotor with a speed governor comprises an electromotor crust, a cover and a vibration damping and separating element. One end face of the crust is closed and is provided with an electromotor shaft hole. The other end face of the crust is open. The cover covers the open end face of the electromotor crust and is provided with a resistance adjustment hole at a preset position. The vibration damping and separating element is provided with resistance adjustment slots used for the speed governor and is fit for being installed at the cover when one of the positioned resistance adjustment slots matches with the resistance adjustment hole at the cover, wherein, the preset circle position of the vibration damping and separating element is provided with a plurality of resistance adjustment slots.
1015642
本发明是由（Ａ）聚二醇单（甲基）丙烯酸酯（盐）系单体０．１～７摩尔％，（Ｂ）磺烷基（甲基）丙烯酸酯（盐）系单体５～９４．９％摩尔％，（Ｃ）不饱和羧酸系单体５～９４．９％摩尔％和（Ｄ）其他单体０～２０摩尔％（但是，这些总计为１００摩尔％）做单体组分聚合而得到平均分子量为１０００～５０万的水溶性共聚物和／或由它们的盐所构成的碳质固体—水浆用分散剂，和按每１００份重量碳质固体配合０．０１～５份重量分散剂而构成的碳质固体—水浆组合物。
The present invention provides a water soluble copolymer with the average molecular weight of 10 million to 500 thousand, which polymerized by 0.1 to 7 mol percent of polyglycol single (methyl) acrylate monomer (A), 5 to 94.9 mol percent of sulfur-alkyl (methyl) acrylate monomer (B), 5 to 94.9 mol percent of unsaturated carboxylic acid monomer (C) and 0 to 20 mol percent of other monomers (D) (the total quantity of which is 100 mol percent) as monomer components, or a carbonic solid of dispersant used for water slurry, which consists of the salts of the monomer components. The present invention also provides a carbonic solid of water slurry combination which is formed by 100 weight portions of the carbonic solid matching with 0.01 to 5 weight portions of the dispersant.
1015769
提取油和脂的方法。对油籽进行碾压，破碎，把这些油籽置于带有混合器的容器中与溶剂作用，在溶剂存在的条件下对这些油籽进行超起波处理，用溶剂洗涤油籽，溶剂以逆流方式循环，分离溶剂和油，排出脱油后的油渣。本发明的设备包括：机械加工装置，密封进料口，带有混合器的提取容器，超声波处理装置，溶液供应系统，洗涤装置，溶液抽吸系统和油渣排出装置。优点：油质优良，不产生有毒物质，易于粒炼，不需漂洗，易于中和。
A method for extracting oil and grease is that oil seeds are grinded and crushed to be put in a vessel with a mixing machine to react with solvent; under the condition that the solvent exists, the oil seeds are processed for the ultrasonic treatment, the oil seeds are washed by the solvent, and the solvent cycles by the mode of countercurrent to separate the solvent and the oil and discharge oil residues after deoiling. The present invention comprises the equipments of a mechanical processing device, a sealed feeding opening, the vessel with the mixing machine; an ultrasonic treatment device, a solution supply system, a washing device, a solution pumping system and an oil residue discharging device. The present invention has the advantage of good oil quality, not producing poisonous substance, being easy for particle smelting and neutralization and not requiring rinsing.
1015794
一种气体冷却塔，由在压力罐内垂直安置的两个同心管屏所构成。管屏是由壁管按气密方法焊接在一起，并由冷却介质从中流过。两管屏的底部是相连的、以便气体通过。在冷却塔的顶端，提供有同心的第一气体流通接头，用作通往内管屏的气体入口。在接近外管屏的顶端，提供有第二气体流通接头，用作气体出口。壁管在其端部连接主管。内管屏可解开地独立于外管屏，第一气体流通接头和外管屏，在接近冷却塔的顶部是这样形成所需尺寸，即内管屏和其主管一起，可通过它们垂直地拉出。
A gas cooling tower consists of two concentric tube panels which are arranged vertically inside a pressure can. The tube panels are welded together by a wall tube using an airtight method and are used for a cooling medium to flow. The bottoms of the two tube panels are linked for the gas to pass. The top of the cooling tower is provided with a concentric first gas circulation joint used as a gas inlet which is communicated with an inner tube panel. The top near an outer tube panel is provided with a second gas circulation joint used as a gas outlet. The wall tube is connected with a main tube at the end. The inner tube panel is unattached with the outer tube panel and can be untied; the first gas circulation joint and the tube panels form the required sizes at the top near the cooling tower by the method that the inner tube panel and the main tube are put together and can be pulled out vertically through the first gas circulation joint and the tube panels.
1015825
交换终端中的一种ＩＳＤＮＤ信道信息处理机，用以从各种ＩＳＤＮ用户线路收集Ｄ信道数据，并将数据分配给各种ＩＳＤＮ用户线路。信息处理机中的帧处理机从ＩＳＤＮ线路各电路中接收以时分多路复用位流的形式出现的Ｄ信道信息，并将其汇集在一个接收缓冲存储单元中。该缓冲器中的发信和管理信息经翻译程序识别后，传送到在交换终端中的中央控制器。包数据以类似的方式通过交换终端接在包交换节点与用户之间。
An ISDND channel information processor in an exchange terminal is used for collecting channel D data from various kinds of ISDN user lines and distributing the data to various kinds of ISDN user lines. A frame processor in the information processor receives the channel D information presented in the form of time division multiplexing potential flow from each circuit of the ISDN lines and gathers the channel D information inside a receiving cushion storing unit. The information sending and management information in a buffer is distinguished by a translating programme to be sent to a central controller in the exchange terminal. Packet data are linked between the exchange terminal and a packet exchange node by a similar manner.
1015894
本发明涉及一种由六次甲基二胺，已二酸本身或与至少一种其它短链二羧酸和脂肪酸二聚体混合制备均匀的共聚酰胺的方法。根据该方法，首先在催化剂存在下由短链酸和过量的六次甲基二胺制备一种预聚物，催化剂可由无机含氧强酸或有机含氧强酸构成或由该酸制成的碱金属或碱土金属盐构成；然后，使获得的预聚物与脂肪酸二聚体反应。在塑料工业或纺织工业中，这些共聚酰胺具有多种用途。
The present invention relates to a method for preparing for uniform copolyamide by mixing hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid or at least with one kind of other short chain dicarboxylic acid and fatty acid dimer. The method is that firstly, when catalyst exists, short chain acid and the superfluous hexamethylene diamine are used to prepare for a prepolymer; the catalyst can consist of inorganic oxygenous strong acid or organic oxygenous strong acid or consists of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal made from the strong acid; then the obtained prepolymer is reacted with the fatty acid dimer. The copolyamide has a plurality of kinds of purposes in the plastic industry or the textile industry.
1015911
利用一种金属镀层法使金属扩散到有电活性中心的聚合物基片的表面之中，随后把金属镀层镀到所希望的厚度。首先把电荷注入并可逆地贮藏在聚酰亚胺中，随后把这种电荷用于还原反应，并沉积出元素形式的过渡金属。本发明操作中的一个重大改进体现在为聚酰亚胺制备并使用带有化学还原剂的水溶液的甲醇溶液之中，以及体现于能还原聚合物电活性中心的单原子离子或络合于的过渡金属离和的利用。
A metal plating method is that metal is diffused into the surface of a polymer basal plate with an electrical activity center, and subsequently, a metal coating is plated with the expected thickness. Firstly, electric charge is led into and stored adversely in polyimide, then the electric charge is used in the reduction reaction, and the transition metal of element form is deposited. The operation of the present invention has a great improvement that the polyimide prepares for and is used in methanol solution which is provided with the aqueous solution with chemical reducer, and the improvement of the present invention is embodied by being capable of reduce monatomic ions in the electrical activity center of the polymer and the utilization of complex transition metal ions.
1015915
聚（间亚苯基间苯二甲酰胺）纤维的连续染色方法，该方法使用溶胀剂以使染料和可选择性含有的阻染燃剂引进该纤维。染色纤维具有接近原来未染色纤维的强力和阻燃性质，且当使用阻燃剂时，其效果比未处理的纤维要好。这些芳族聚酰胺纤维可方便地染成无限制的颜色范围，具有高的得色量和相当高的耐光牢度，且费用合理。二甲亚砜的水溶液被用作优选的溶胀剂。
A continuously dying method of poly (metaphenylene isophthaloyl amine) fibre is that swelling agent is used for dye and selectively contained flame retardant to introduce the fibre. Dyed fibre has the strength and flame retardancy similar as former undyed fibre, and when the flame retardant is used, the effect is better than untreated fibre. Aromatic polyamide fibre can be dyed any unrestrained color conveniently, which has high color yield and quite high light fastness, and the expense is reasonable. Dimethylsulfoxide aqueous solution is used as the preferential swelling agent.
1015924
内燃机的螺旋形进气口，为在设于缸盖上的拱顶涡流发生室中产生强涡流。一个螺旋形进气道沿斜下方与拱形室相连，连接部附近的气道纵截面呈上缩下胀形，使气道边缘与拱形室过渡连接。气道的内侧壁与拱顶室相交形成一条脊线，伸入进气道及拱顶室的设想基形的内部，并通过一个双凹壁面与拱顶室的内壁光滑连接，还通过一个双凸壁面与气道的内曲壁光滑连接。缸盖上有进气阀导向座，它不伸入拱顶室的内部之中。
A gyroidal air inlet of an internal-combustion engine can produce strong vortex inside a vault vortex generation chamber arranged at a cylinder cover. A gyroidal air inlet port is connected with an arched chamber along the oblique inferior part, and an air passage lengthwise section near a connection part is the shape of shrunk top and expanded bottom, which ensures the transition connection of the edge of the air passage and the arched chamber. The inner lateral wall of the air passage is intersected with the arched chamber as a ridge line which is extended into the inside of an assumed base shape of the air passage and he arched chamber, is glossily connected with the inner wall of the arched chamber through a double concave wall face and is also glossily connected with the incurved wall of the air passage through a biconvex wall face. The cylinder cover is provided with an air inlet valve guide base which is not extended into the inside of the arched chamber.
English英语 (Wuhan University, verified) English英语 (Hubei Institute of Education, verified) English英语 (TEM-8, verified) English英语 (Ministry of Education of PRC, verified) English英语译成Chinese汉语 (Ministry of Education of PRC, TEM-8)
Chinese汉语译成English英语 (Ministry of Education of PRC, TEM-8)
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My name is Dai Xiaohu. I am a Chinese native speaker, a freelance English-Mandarin-English translator who lives in Beijing.
I graduated from the Department of English, Wuhan University, China. I was born in Hubei province, central China and have 20 years’ experience translating and proofreading a wide variety of documents. I have a strong commitment to quality and can provide translation and editing services for an affordable price.
In 2005, I participated in translating the English version of the 2005 Human Development Report (HDR) of United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) into Chinese (http://hdr.undp.org/en/reports/global/hdr2005/), and I also participated in proofreading the Chinese version of HDR2005.
My rate for translation:
From English into Chinese (Simplified or Traditional):
USD 0.05~0.07 per source English word
Daily turnaround: 3000 English words
From Chinese into English (Simplified or Traditional):
USD 0.06~0.08 per source Chinese character
Daily turnaround: 3000 Chinese characters
I will do a test page for you free of charge if necessary.
Best wishes,
Dai Xiaohu
A freelancer@Beijing
http://www.proz.com/translator/788528
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